Go to Related Reading
About this book

Numbers

About this book
Chapter 24

1 When Balaam saw that it pleased the Lord to bless Israel, he did not go as at the other times to seek for omens,⁠ but he set his face toward the wilderness.⁠ 2 When Balaam lifted up his eyes, he saw Israel camped tribe by tribe; and the Spirit of God came upon him.⁠ 3 Then he uttered this oracle:⁠ “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open, 4 the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open: 5 ‘How beautiful are your tents, O Jacob, and your dwelling places, O Israel! 6 They are like valleys stretched forth, like gardens by the river’s side, like aloes that the Lord has planted, and like cedar trees beside the waters.⁠ 7 He will pour the water out of his buckets, and their descendants will be like abundant water;⁠ their king will be greater than Agag, and their kingdom will be exalted. 8 God brought them out of Egypt. They have, as it were, the strength of a young bull; they will devour hostile people, and will break their bones, and will pierce them through with arrows.⁠ 9 They crouch and lie down like a lion, and as a lioness, who can stir him?⁠ Blessed is the one who blesses you, and cursed is the one who curses you!’”⁠ 10 Then Balak became very angry at Balaam, and he struck his hands together. Balak said to Balaam, “I called you to curse my enemies, and look, you have done nothing but bless them these three times! 11 So now, go back where you came from! I said that I would greatly honor you, but now the Lord has stood in the way of your honor.” 12 Balaam said to Balak, “Did I not also tell your messengers whom you sent to me, 13 ‘If Balak would give me his palace full of silver and gold, I cannot go beyond the commandment of the Lord to do either good or evil of my own will, but whatever the Lord tells me I must speak’?⁠ 14 And now, I am about to go back to my own people. Come now, and I will advise you as to what this people will do to your people in future days.” 15 Then he uttered this oracle: “The oracle of Balaam son of Beor, the oracle of the man whose eyes are open,⁠ 16 the oracle of the one who hears the words of God, and who knows the knowledge of the Most High, who sees a vision from the Almighty, although falling flat on the ground with eyes open: 17 ‘I see him, but not now; I behold him, but not close at hand. A star will march forth out of Jacob, and a scepter will rise out of Israel.⁠ He will crush the skulls of Moab, and the heads of all the sons of Sheth.⁠ 18 Edom will be a possession, Seir, his enemy, will also be a possession; but Israel will act valiantly.⁠ 19 A ruler will be established from Jacob; he will destroy the remains of the city.’”⁠ 20 Then Balaam looked on Amalek and delivered this oracle: “Amalek was the first of the nations, but his end will be that he will perish.” 21 Then he looked on the Kenites and uttered this oracle: “Your dwelling place seems strong, and your nest is set on a rocky cliff. 22 Nevertheless the Kenite will be consumed. How long will Asshur take you away captive?” 23 Then he uttered this oracle: “O, who will survive when God does this!⁠ 24 Ships will come from the coast of Kittim, and will afflict Asshur, and will afflict Eber, and he will also perish forever.”⁠ 25 Balaam got up and departed and returned to his home, and Balak also went his way.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 12:3 and Numbers 24:9

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Genesis promises Abraham that those who bless him will be blessed and those who curse him will be cursed, a formula repeated in Numbers through Balaam’s oracle. The repetition may reflect editorial shaping that combined separate literary traditions.

Passages

Genesis 12:3

Hebrew Bible
1 Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go out from your country, your relatives, and your father’s household to the land that I will show you. 2 Then I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you, and I will make your name great, so that you will exemplify divine blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, but the one who treats you lightly I must curse, so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.” 4 So Abram left, just as the Lord had told him to do, and Lot went with him. (Now Abram was 75 years old when he departed from Haran.) 5 And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and all the possessions they had accumulated and the people they had acquired in Haran, and they left for the land of Canaan. They entered the land of Canaan.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Numbers 24:9

Hebrew Bible
8 God brought them out of Egypt. They have, as it were, the strength of a young bull; they will devour hostile people, and will break their bones, and will pierce them through with arrows. 9 They crouch and lie down like a lion, and as a lioness, who can stir him? Blessed is the one who blesses you, and cursed is the one who curses you!’” 10 Then Balak became very angry at Balaam, and he struck his hands together. Balak said to Balaam, “I called you to curse my enemies, and look, you have done nothing but bless them these three times! 11 So now, go back where you came from! I said that I would greatly honor you, but now the Lord has stood in the way of your honor.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

References

"... These three layers were thoroughly reworked and brought into line with the larger narrative complex Levin sees as stretching from Genesis 2 through Numbers 24 by a redactor whom he calls the Yahwist, although with a very different meaning from that indicated by the traditional term (verses 7 [only the words “before Yahweh”], 20, 27, 29, 30 [only the first clause], 33–34, 38–40, 45). In this layer there is a greater emphasis on the blessing, both here and elsewhere in the Pentateuch; it is in part via the blessing that the originally disparate narrative elements were brought together. Genesis 27 is thereby linked with Genesis 24:31, 26:29, and Numbers 22:12, where the same sort of redactional emphasis is found. The references to Yahweh in the chapter belong to this layer as well; no longer does Jacob (or Rebekah) act alone, but rather Yahweh’s hand is to be seen behind their actions. This aspect connects the story with Genesis 10:9 and 24:12, 27. The rivalry of the brothers is a theme supplied by the author of this redactional layer, both here and in Genesis 4:11–12, 5:29, 8:21–22, and 9:25. Other aspects of this redaction, both thematic and linguistic, connect it with Genesis 12:3; 32–33; and Numbers 24:9 ..."
Joel S. Baden, The Composition of the Pentateuch: Renewing the Documentary Hypothesis, AYBRL (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012), 62.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Comments

  • Please cross reference Jubilees 12:23

    Caroline Bigelow, March 18, 2025

Genesis 12:3 and Numbers 24:9

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library