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Genesis

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The Call and Promise to Abram

Chapter 12

1 Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go out from your country, your relatives, and your father’s household⁠ to the land that I will show you.⁠ 2 Then I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you, and I will make your name great,⁠ so that you will exemplify divine blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, but the one who treats you lightly I must curse,⁠ so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.”⁠ 4 So Abram left, just as the Lord had told him to do, and Lot went with him. (Now Abram was 75 years old when he departed from Haran.)⁠ 5 And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and all the possessions they had accumulated⁠ and the people they had acquired in Haran, and they left for the land of Canaan. They entered the land of Canaan. 6 Abram traveled through the land as far as the oak tree of Moreh at Shechem.⁠ (At that time the Canaanites were in the land.) 7 The Lord appeared to Abram and said, “To your descendants I will give this land.” So Abram built an altar there to the Lord, who had appeared to him.⁠ 8 Then he moved from there to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east. There he built an altar to the Lord and worshiped the Lord. 9 Abram continually journeyed by stages down to the Negev.

Abram and Sarai in Egypt

10 There was a famine in the land, so Abram went down to Egypt to stay for a while because the famine was severe. 11 As he approached Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, I know that you are a beautiful woman. 12 When the Egyptians see you they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will keep you alive.⁠ 13 So tell them you are my sister so that it may go well for me⁠ because of you and my life will be spared on account of you.”⁠ 14 When Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. 15 When Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. So Abram’s wife was taken into the household of Pharaoh,⁠ 16 and he did treat Abram well on account of her. Abram received sheep and cattle, male donkeys, male servants, female servants, female donkeys, and camels. 17 But the Lord struck Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues45⁠ because of Sarai, Abram’s wife. 18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram and said, “What is this you have done to me? Why didn’t you tell me that she was your wife? 19 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her to be my wife? Now, here is your wife. Take her and go!” 20 Pharaoh gave his men orders about Abram, and so they expelled him,⁠ along with his wife and all his possessions.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 12:3 and Numbers 24:9

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis promises Abraham that those who bless him will be blessed and those who curse him will be cursed, a formula repeated in Numbers through Balaam’s oracle. The repetition may reflect editorial shaping that combined separate literary traditions.

Passages

Genesis 12:3

Hebrew Bible
1 Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go out from your country, your relatives, and your father’s household to the land that I will show you. 2 Then I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you, and I will make your name great, so that you will exemplify divine blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, but the one who treats you lightly I must curse, so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.” 4 So Abram left, just as the Lord had told him to do, and Lot went with him. (Now Abram was 75 years old when he departed from Haran.) 5 And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and all the possessions they had accumulated and the people they had acquired in Haran, and they left for the land of Canaan. They entered the land of Canaan.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Numbers 24:9

Hebrew Bible
8 God brought them out of Egypt. They have, as it were, the strength of a young bull; they will devour hostile people, and will break their bones, and will pierce them through with arrows. 9 They crouch and lie down like a lion, and as a lioness, who can stir him? Blessed is the one who blesses you, and cursed is the one who curses you!’” 10 Then Balak became very angry at Balaam, and he struck his hands together. Balak said to Balaam, “I called you to curse my enemies, and look, you have done nothing but bless them these three times! 11 So now, go back where you came from! I said that I would greatly honor you, but now the Lord has stood in the way of your honor.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

References

"... These three layers were thoroughly reworked and brought into line with the larger narrative complex Levin sees as stretching from Genesis 2 through Numbers 24 by a redactor whom he calls the Yahwist, although with a very different meaning from that indicated by the traditional term (verses 7 [only the words “before Yahweh”], 20, 27, 29, 30 [only the first clause], 33–34, 38–40, 45). In this layer there is a greater emphasis on the blessing, both here and elsewhere in the Pentateuch; it is in part via the blessing that the originally disparate narrative elements were brought together. Genesis 27 is thereby linked with Genesis 24:31, 26:29, and Numbers 22:12, where the same sort of redactional emphasis is found. The references to Yahweh in the chapter belong to this layer as well; no longer does Jacob (or Rebekah) act alone, but rather Yahweh’s hand is to be seen behind their actions. This aspect connects the story with Genesis 10:9 and 24:12, 27. The rivalry of the brothers is a theme supplied by the author of this redactional layer, both here and in Genesis 4:11–12, 5:29, 8:21–22, and 9:25. Other aspects of this redaction, both thematic and linguistic, connect it with Genesis 12:3; 32–33; and Numbers 24:9 ..."
Joel S. Baden, The Composition of the Pentateuch: Renewing the Documentary Hypothesis, AYBRL (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012), 62.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Comments

  • Please cross reference Jubilees 12:23

    Caroline Bigelow, March 18, 2025

Genesis 12:3 and Numbers 24:9

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