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Numbers

About this book
Chapter 13

1 The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “Send out men to investigate the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Israelites. You are to send one man from each ancestral tribe, each one a leader among them.” 3 So Moses sent them from the wilderness of Paran at the command of the Lord. All of them were leaders of the Israelites. 4 Now these were their names: from the tribe of Reuben, Shammua son of Zaccur; 5 from the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat son of Hori; 6 from the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh; 7 from the tribe of Issachar, Igal son of Joseph; 8 from the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Nun; 9 from the tribe of Benjamin, Palti son of Raphu; 10 from the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel son of Sodi; 11 from the tribe of Joseph, namely, the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi son of Susi; 12 from the tribe of Dan, Ammiel son of Gemalli; 13 from the tribe of Asher, Sethur son of Michael; 14 from the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi son of Vopshi; 15 from the tribe of Gad, Geuel son of Maki. 16 These are the names of the men whom Moses sent to investigate the land. And Moses gave Hoshea son of Nun the name Joshua.⁠ 17 When Moses sent them to investigate the land of Canaan, he told them, “Go up through the Negev, and then go up into the hill country 18 and see what the land is like, and whether the people who live in it are strong or weak, few or many, 19 and whether the land they live in is good or bad, and whether the cities they inhabit are like camps or fortified cities, 20 and whether the land is rich or poor, and whether or not there are forests in it. And be brave, and bring back some of the fruit of the land.” Now it was the time of year for the first ripe grapes. 21 So they went up and investigated the land from the wilderness of Zin to Rehob, at Lebo Hamath. 22 When they went up through the Negev, they came to Hebron where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai, descendants of Anak, were living. (Now Hebron had been built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.) 23 When they came to the valley of Eshcol, they cut down from there a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they carried it on a staff between two men, as well as some of the pomegranates and the figs. 24 That place was called the Eshcol Valley, because of the cluster of grapes that the Israelites cut from there. 25 They returned from investigating the land after 40 days.⁠ 26 They came back to Moses and Aaron and to the whole community of the Israelites in the wilderness of Paran at Kadesh. They reported to the whole community and showed the fruit of the land. 27 They told Moses, “We went to the land where you sent us. It is indeed flowing with milk and honey, and this is its fruit. 28 But the inhabitants are strong, and the cities are fortified and very large. Moreover we saw the descendants of Anak there.⁠ 29 The Amalekites live in the land of the Negev; the Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites live in the hill country; and the Canaanites live by the sea and along the banks of the Jordan.” 30 Then Caleb silenced the people before Moses, saying, “Let us go up and occupy it, for we are well able to conquer it.”⁠ 31 But the men who had gone up with him said, “We are not able to go up against these people, because they are stronger than we are!” 32 Then they presented the Israelites with a discouraging report of the land they had investigated, saying, “The land that we passed through to investigate is a land that devours its inhabitants.⁠ All the people we saw there are of great stature. 33 We even saw the Nephilim there (the descendants of Anak came from the Nephilim),⁠ and we seemed like grasshoppers both to ourselves and to them.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 24:18 and Numbers 13:25

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus depicts Moses remaining on Sinai for forty days and forty nights, while Numbers describes the spies exploring Canaan for the same length of time. Both texts use the number forty to frame a significant period of testing and transition.

Passages

Exodus 24:18

Hebrew Bible
16 The glory of the Lord resided on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it for six days. On the seventh day he called to Moses from within the cloud. 17 Now the appearance of the glory of the Lord was like a devouring fire on the top of the mountain in plain view of the people. 18 Moses went into the cloud when he went up the mountain, and Moses was on the mountain 40 days and 40 nights.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Numbers 13:25

Hebrew Bible
23 When they came to the valley of Eshcol, they cut down from there a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they carried it on a staff between two men, as well as some of the pomegranates and the figs. 24 That place was called the Eshcol Valley, because of the cluster of grapes that the Israelites cut from there. 25 They returned from investigating the land after 40 days. 26 They came back to Moses and Aaron and to the whole community of the Israelites in the wilderness of Paran at Kadesh. They reported to the whole community and showed the fruit of the land. 27 They told Moses, “We went to the land where you sent us. It is indeed flowing with milk and honey, and this is its fruit.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

References

"... The number forty is significant in the Bible: the rains of the Flood in Genesis occurred for forty days and forty nights (Genesis 7:4, 12); Moses met twice with the Lord on the mountain for forty days and forty nights (Exodus 24:18; 34:28; Deuteronomy 9:9, 11, 18, 25, 10:10); the spies of Israel spent forty days spying out the land of Canaan (Numbers 13:25); Israel spent forty years in the wilderness until they came to the land of Canaan (Exodus 16:35; Deuteronomy 2:7; 8:2, 4; 29:5; Nehemiah 9:21; Psalm 95:10; Amos 2:10); the forty years in the wilderness served as punishment for their lack of faith in response to the spies (Numbers 14:33–34; Joshua 5:6; Psalm 95:10); Israel spent forty years under the rule of the Philistines (Judges 13:1); Elijah was provided for in his flight from Jezebel forty days and forty nights (1 Kings 19:8); Jonah prophesied that in forty days Nineveh would be overthrown (Jonah 3:4); and Ezekiel enacted a prophetic sign of Jerusalem’s downfall by laying on his side forty days, a day for each year (Ezekiel 4:6). All of these reveal an importance of the number forty in Israel’s history. (Jeremias, New Testament Theology, observes that “forty is a common symbolic number, which denotes times of oppression and of curse.”) ..."
Joel Kennedy, The Recapitulation of Israel: Use of Israel's History in Matthew 1:1-4:11 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008), 194–195.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 24:18 and Numbers 13:25

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