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Exodus

About this book

The Covenant Confirmed

Chapter 24

1 But to Moses the Lord said, “Come up to the Lord, you and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu,⁠ and seventy of the elders of Israel,⁠ and worship from a distance.⁠ 2 Moses alone may come near the Lord, but the others must not come near, nor may the people go up with him.” 3 Moses came and told the people all the Lord’s words and all the decisions. All the people answered together, “We are willing to do all the words that the Lord has said,” 4 and Moses wrote down all the words of the Lord. Early in the morning he built an altar at the foot of the mountain and arranged twelve standing stones—according to the twelve tribes of Israel. 5 He sent young Israelite men, and they offered burnt offerings and sacrificed young bulls for peace offerings to the Lord.⁠ 6 Moses took half of the blood and put it in bowls, and half of the blood he splashed on the altar. 7 He took the Book of the Covenant and read it aloud to the people,⁠ and they said, “We are willing to do and obey all that the Lord has spoken.” 8 So Moses took the blood and splashed it on the people⁠ and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the Lord has made with you in accordance with all these words.”⁠ 9 Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel went up,⁠ 10 and they saw the God of Israel.⁠ Under his feet there was something like a pavement made of blue sapphire, clear like the sky itself.⁠ 11 But he did not lay a hand on the leaders of the Israelites, so they saw God, and they ate and they drank.⁠ 12 The Lord said to Moses, “Come up to me on the mountain and remain there, and I will give you the stone tablets with the law and the commandments that I have written,⁠ so that you may teach them.”⁠ 13 So Moses set out with Joshua his attendant, and Moses went up the mountain of God. 14 He told the elders, “Wait for us in this place until we return to you.⁠ Here are Aaron and Hur with you. Whoever has any matters of dispute can approach them.” 15 Moses went up the mountain, and the cloud covered the mountain. 16 The glory of the Lord resided on Mount Sinai,⁠ and the cloud covered it for six days. On the seventh day he called to Moses from within the cloud.⁠ 17 Now the appearance of the glory of the Lord was like a devouring fire on the top of the mountain in plain view of the people. 18 Moses went into the cloud when he went up the mountain, and Moses was on the mountain 40 days and 40 nights.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 24:18 and Numbers 13:25

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus depicts Moses remaining on Sinai for forty days and forty nights, while Numbers describes the spies exploring Canaan for the same length of time. Both texts use the number forty to frame a significant period of testing and transition.

Passages

Exodus 24:18

Hebrew Bible
16 The glory of the Lord resided on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it for six days. On the seventh day he called to Moses from within the cloud. 17 Now the appearance of the glory of the Lord was like a devouring fire on the top of the mountain in plain view of the people. 18 Moses went into the cloud when he went up the mountain, and Moses was on the mountain 40 days and 40 nights.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Numbers 13:25

Hebrew Bible
23 When they came to the valley of Eshcol, they cut down from there a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they carried it on a staff between two men, as well as some of the pomegranates and the figs. 24 That place was called the Eshcol Valley, because of the cluster of grapes that the Israelites cut from there. 25 They returned from investigating the land after 40 days. 26 They came back to Moses and Aaron and to the whole community of the Israelites in the wilderness of Paran at Kadesh. They reported to the whole community and showed the fruit of the land. 27 They told Moses, “We went to the land where you sent us. It is indeed flowing with milk and honey, and this is its fruit.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

References

"... The number forty is significant in the Bible: the rains of the Flood in Genesis occurred for forty days and forty nights (Genesis 7:4, 12); Moses met twice with the Lord on the mountain for forty days and forty nights (Exodus 24:18; 34:28; Deuteronomy 9:9, 11, 18, 25, 10:10); the spies of Israel spent forty days spying out the land of Canaan (Numbers 13:25); Israel spent forty years in the wilderness until they came to the land of Canaan (Exodus 16:35; Deuteronomy 2:7; 8:2, 4; 29:5; Nehemiah 9:21; Psalm 95:10; Amos 2:10); the forty years in the wilderness served as punishment for their lack of faith in response to the spies (Numbers 14:33–34; Joshua 5:6; Psalm 95:10); Israel spent forty years under the rule of the Philistines (Judges 13:1); Elijah was provided for in his flight from Jezebel forty days and forty nights (1 Kings 19:8); Jonah prophesied that in forty days Nineveh would be overthrown (Jonah 3:4); and Ezekiel enacted a prophetic sign of Jerusalem’s downfall by laying on his side forty days, a day for each year (Ezekiel 4:6). All of these reveal an importance of the number forty in Israel’s history. (Jeremias, New Testament Theology, observes that “forty is a common symbolic number, which denotes times of oppression and of curse.”) ..."
Joel Kennedy, The Recapitulation of Israel: Use of Israel's History in Matthew 1:1-4:11 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2008), 194–195.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 24:18 and Numbers 13:25

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