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Numbers

About this book
Chapter 10

1 The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “Make two trumpets of silver; you are to make them from a single hammered piece. You will use them for assembling the community and for directing the traveling of the camps. 3 When they blow them both, all the community must come to you to the entrance of the tent of meeting. 4 “But if they blow with one trumpet, then the leaders, the heads of the thousands of Israel, must come to you. 5 When you blow an alarm, then the camps that are located on the east side must begin to travel. 6 And when you blow an alarm the second time, then the camps that are located on the south side must begin to travel. An alarm must be sounded for their journeys. 7 But when you assemble the community, you must blow the trumpets, but you must not sound an alarm. 8 The sons of Aaron, the priests, must blow the trumpets, and they will be to you for an eternal ordinance throughout your generations. 9 If you go to war in your land against an adversary who opposes you, then you must sound an alarm with the trumpets, and you will be remembered before the Lord your God, and you will be saved from your enemies. 10 “Also, in the time when you rejoice, such as on your appointed festivals or at the beginnings of your months, you must blow with your trumpets over your burnt offerings and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings, so that they may become a memorial for you before your God: I am the Lord your God.” 11 On the twentieth day of the second month, in the second year, the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle of the testimony. 12 So the Israelites set out on their journeys from the desert of Sinai; and the cloud settled in the wilderness of Paran. 13 This was the first time they set out on their journey according to the commandment of the Lord, by the authority of Moses. 14 The standard of the camp of the Judahites set out first according to their companies, and over his company was Nahshon son of Amminadab. 15 Over the company of the tribe of Issacharites was Nathanel son of Zuar, 16 and over the company of the tribe of the Zebulunites was Eliab son of Helon. 17 Then the tabernacle was dismantled, and the sons of Gershon and the sons of Merari set out, carrying the tabernacle. 18 The standard of the camp of Reuben set out according to their companies; over his company was Elizur son of Shedeur. 19 Over the company of the tribe of the Simeonites was Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai, 20 and over the company of the tribe of the Gadites was Eliasaph son of Deuel. 21 And the Kohathites set out, carrying the articles for the sanctuary; the tabernacle was to be set up before they arrived. 22 And the standard of the camp of the Ephraimites set out according to their companies; over his company was Elishama son of Ammihud. 23 Over the company of the tribe of the Manassehites was Gamaliel son of Pedahzur, 24 and over the company of the tribe of Benjaminites was Abidan son of Gideoni. 25 The standard of the camp of the Danites set out, which was the rear guard of all the camps by their companies; over his company was Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai. 26 Over the company of the tribe of the Asherites was Pagiel son of Ocran, 27 and over the company of the tribe of the Naphtalites was Ahira son of Enan. 28 These were the traveling arrangements of the Israelites according to their companies when they traveled. 29 Moses said to Hobab son of Reuel, the Midianite, Moses’ father-in-law, “We are journeying to the place about which the Lord said, ‘I will give it to you.’ Come with us and we will treat you well, for the Lord has promised good things for Israel.” 30 But Hobab said to him, “I will not go, but I will go instead to my own land and to my kindred.” 31 Moses said, “Do not leave us, because you know places for us to camp in the wilderness, and you could be our guide. 32 And if you come with us, it is certain that whatever good things the Lord will favor us with, we will share with you as well.” 33 So they traveled from the mountain of the Lord three days’ journey; and the ark of the covenant of the Lord was traveling before them during the three days’ journey, to find a resting place for them. 34 And the cloud of the Lord was over them by day, when they traveled from the camp. 35 And when the ark traveled, Moses would say, “Rise up, O Lord! May your enemies be scattered,⁠ and may those who hate you flee before you!”⁠ 36 And when it came to rest he would say, “Return, O Lord, to the many thousands of Israel!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 10:35 and Psalm 24:10

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Psalm 24 draws on an ancient Near Eastern image of a divine warrior entering heavenly gates and reshapes it into a ritual welcoming the ark into the temple. Like Numbers 10, the language marks God’s return to dwell and rule among the people.

Passages

Numbers 10:35

Hebrew Bible
33 So they traveled from the mountain of the Lord three days’ journey; and the ark of the covenant of the Lord was traveling before them during the three days’ journey, to find a resting place for them. 34 And the cloud of the Lord was over them by day, when they traveled from the camp. 35 And when the ark traveled, Moses would say, “Rise up, O Lord! May your enemies be scattered, and may those who hate you flee before you!” 36 And when it came to rest he would say, “Return, O Lord, to the many thousands of Israel!”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

Psalm 24:10

Hebrew Bible
5 Such godly people are rewarded by the Lord, and vindicated by the God who delivers them. 6 Such purity characterizes the people who seek his favor, Jacob’s descendants, who pray to him. (Selah) 7 Look up, you gates. Rise up, you eternal doors. Then the majestic king will enter. 8 Who is this majestic king? The Lord who is strong and mighty. The Lord a mighty man in battle. 9 Look up, you gates. Rise up, you eternal doors. Then the majestic king will enter. 10 Who is this majestic king? The Lord of Heaven’s Armies. He is the majestic king. (Selah)
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... Many texts that reflect the Zion-Sabaoth theology evince the belief that in earlier periods the ark sometimes left its abode to go to war. What is crucial for our purposes is that the ark’s movement entailed God’s own movement. Thus, when an old poetic fragment in the Book of Numbers describes the ark going to war and returning, it also refers simply to God’s travel out of and back to its normal place of rest ... The terminology associated with the Zion-Sabaoth theology and the ark occurs frequently in connection with the Shiloh temple, where God dwelt throughout the period of the Judges (see, e.g., 1 Samuel 1.11). It also occurs often in the story of the ark’s ascent to its new home in Jerusalem (2 Samuel 6:2 and 18). This terminology is especially prominent in Psalm 24, which was sung whenever the ark entered the temple – that is, when Yhwh entered the temple. This occurred not just when the ark first entered the temple in Solomon’s time, but on a repeated basis, either after battle or on a holiday such as the New Year’s festival, which commemorated Yhwh’s victory in the primordial battle against chaos ..."
Benjamin D. Sommer, The Bodies of God and the World of Ancient Israel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 85.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 10:35 and Psalm 24:10

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