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Nahum

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Woe to the city guilty of bloodshed! She is full of lies; she is filled with plunder; she has hoarded her spoil! 2 The chariot drivers will crack their whips; the chariot wheels will shake the ground. The chariot horses will gallop; the war chariots will bolt forward! 3 The charioteers will charge ahead; their swords will flash and their spears will glimmer! There will be many people slain; there will be piles of the dead and countless casualties—so many that people will stumble over the corpses. 4 Because you have acted like a wanton prostitute—a seductive mistress who practices sorcery, who enslaves nations by her harlotry, and entices peoples by her sorcery—⁠ 5 “I am against you,” declares the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “I will strip off your clothes! I will show your nakedness to the nations and your shame to the kingdoms.⁠ 6 I will pelt you with filth; I will treat you with contempt; I will make you a public spectacle. 7 Everyone who sees you will turn away from you in disgust; they will say, ‘Nineveh has been devastated! Who will lament for her?’ There will be no one to comfort you!”⁠ 8 You are no more secure than Thebes—she was located on the banks of the Nile; the waters surrounded her—her rampart was the sea, the water was her wall. 9 Cush and Egypt had limitless strength; Put and the Libyans were among her allies. 10 Yet she went into captivity as an exile; even her infants were smashed to pieces at the head of every street.⁠ They cast lots for her nobility; all her dignitaries were bound with chains.⁠ 11 You too will act like drunkards; you will go into hiding; you too will seek refuge from the enemy. 12 All your fortifications will be like fig trees with first-ripe fruit: If they are shaken, their figs will fall into the mouth of the eater. 13 Your warriors will be like women in your midst;⁠ the gates of your land will be wide open to your enemies; fire will consume the bars of your gates. 14 Draw yourselves water for a siege! Strengthen your fortifications! Trample the mud and tread the clay! Make mud bricks to strengthen your walls! 15 There the fire will consume you; the sword will cut you down; it will devour you like the young locust would. Multiply yourself like the young locust; multiply yourself like the flying locust! 16 Increase your merchants more than the stars of heaven! They are like the young locust that sheds its skin and flies away. 17 Your courtiers are like locusts, your officials are like a swarm of locusts!⁠ They encamp in the walls on a cold day, yet when the sun rises, they fly away, and no one knows where they are. 18 Your shepherds are sleeping, O king of Assyria. Your officers are slumbering! Your people are scattered like sheep on the mountains, and there is no one to regather them. 19 Your destruction is like an incurable wound; your demise is like a fatal injury. All who hear what has happened to you will clap their hands for joy, for no one ever escaped your endless cruelty!⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Nahum 3:5 and Jeremiah 13:26

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Jeremiah depicts Jerusalem’s shame and humiliation in exile through the image of skirts being lifted to expose nakedness. Nahum uses this when describing Nineveh’s fall, similarly portraying its disgrace, emphasizing public dishonor and loss of status.

Passages

Nahum 3:5

Hebrew Bible
3 The charioteers will charge ahead; their swords will flash and their spears will glimmer! There will be many people slain; there will be piles of the dead and countless casualties—so many that people will stumble over the corpses. 4 Because you have acted like a wanton prostitute—a seductive mistress who practices sorcery, who enslaves nations by her harlotry, and entices peoples by her sorcery— 5 “I am against you,” declares the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “I will strip off your clothes! I will show your nakedness to the nations and your shame to the kingdoms. 6 I will pelt you with filth; I will treat you with contempt; I will make you a public spectacle. 7 Everyone who sees you will turn away from you in disgust; they will say, ‘Nineveh has been devastated! Who will lament for her?’ There will be no one to comfort you!”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Nahum

Jeremiah 13:26

Hebrew Bible
24 “The Lord says, ‘That is why I will scatter your people like chaff that is blown away by a desert wind. 25 This is your fate, the destiny to which I have appointed you because you have forgotten me and have trusted in false gods. 26 So I will pull your skirt up over your face and expose you to shame like a disgraced adulteress! 27 People of Jerusalem, I have seen your adulterous worship, your shameless prostitution to, and your lustful pursuit of, other gods. I have seen your disgusting acts of worship on the hills throughout the countryside. You are doomed to destruction! How long will you continue to be unclean?’”
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... Verses 7–9 deal with Jerusalem’s fate and uncleanness because of her sins. Again there is a contrast between the splendour of the past in Jerusalem (the name is used here for the first time) and the present time of affliction and wandering (also in 3:19). When the people of Jerusalem were conquered by the Babylonians, none of their former allies (e.g. Egypt) was there to help. Jerusalem became the object of ridicule (see Deuteronomy 28:37; Psalm 44:13–16; 79:4; Jeremiah 24:9). The picture here is of someone completely abandoned (‘no-one to help her’, verse 7; compare ‘none to comfort’, verse 2), ridiculed and put to shame, one of the worst things in many cultures. Verses 8–9 concentrate on the city’s uncleanness, caused by her many sins (see verse 5). The Hebrew word for unclean (verse 8) occurs only here. It may be derived from a verb meaning ‘to shake the head’ in scorn. This would match the end of verse 7. The Hebrew verb related to this is used in Psalm 44:14 and Jeremiah 18:16, but the word ‘head’ is included, which is absent from the verse in Lamentations. In verse 8 this word may be translated as ‘uncleanness’, which is a helpful link with what follows in the rest of the verse and in verse 9 and the reference to ritual uncleanness and nakedness. Uncleanness may refer to menstruation (see verse 18:19); nakedness itself was also considered to be shameful. In Jeremiah 13:26 and Nahum 3:5, God’s punishment of a sinful town is expressed in similar language: he will lift up their skirts ..."
Hetty Lalleman-de Winkel, Jeremiah and Lamentations: An Introduction and Commentary (Nottingham: Inter-Varsity, 2013), 329.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Nahum 3:5 and Jeremiah 13:26

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