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Jeremiah

About this book
Chapter 13

1 The Lord said to me, “Go and buy some linen shorts and put them on. Do not put them in water.” 2 So I bought the shorts in keeping with the Lord’s instructions and put them on. 3 Then the Lord’s message came to me again, 4 “Take the shorts that you bought and are wearing and go at once to Perath. Bury the shorts there in a crack in the rocks.” 5 So I went and buried them at Perath as the Lord had ordered me to do. 6 Many days later the Lord said to me, “Go at once to Perath and get the shorts I ordered you to bury there.” 7 So I went to Perath and dug up the shorts from the place where I had buried them. I found that they were ruined; they were good for nothing. 8 Then the Lord’s message came to me, 9 “I, the Lord, say: ‘This shows how I will ruin the highly exalted position in which Judah and Jerusalem take pride. 10 These wicked people refuse to obey what I have said. They follow the stubborn inclinations of their own hearts and pay allegiance to other gods by worshiping and serving them. So they will become just like these linen shorts that are good for nothing. 11 For,’ I say, ‘just as shorts cling tightly to a person’s body, so I bound the whole nation of Israel and the whole nation of Judah tightly to me.’ I intended for them to be my special people and to bring me fame, honor, and praise. But they would not obey me.⁠ 12 “So tell them, ‘The Lord, the God of Israel, says: “Every wine jar is made to be filled with wine.”’ And they will probably say to you, ‘Do you not think we know that every wine jar is supposed to be filled with wine?’ 13 Then tell them, ‘The Lord says: “I will soon fill all the people who live in this land with stupor. I will also fill the kings from David’s dynasty, the priests, the prophets, and the citizens of Jerusalem with stupor. 14 And I will smash them like wine bottles against one another, children and parents alike. I will not show any pity, mercy, or compassion. Nothing will keep me from destroying them,’ says the Lord.” 15 Then I said to the people of Judah: “Listen and pay attention! Do not be arrogant! For the Lord has spoken. 16 Show the Lord your God the respect that is due him. Do it before he brings the darkness of disaster. Do it before you stumble into distress like a traveler on the mountains at twilight. Do it before he turns the light of deliverance you hope for into the darkness and gloom of exile. 17 But if you will not pay attention to this warning, I will weep alone because of your arrogant pride.⁠ I will weep bitterly, and my eyes will overflow with tears because you, the Lord’s flock, will be carried into exile.” 18 The Lord told me: “Tell the king and the queen mother, ‘Surrender your thrones, for your glorious crowns will be removed from your heads. 19 The gates of the towns in southern Judah will be shut tight. No one will be able to go in or out of them. All Judah will be carried off into exile. They will be completely carried off into exile.’” 20 Then I said, “Look up, Jerusalem, and see the enemy that is coming from the north. Where now is the flock of people that were entrusted to your care? Where now are the ‘sheep’ that you take such pride in? 21 What will you say when the Lord appoints as rulers over you those allies that you, yourself, had actually prepared as such? Then anguish and agony will grip you like that of a woman giving birth to a baby. 22 You will probably ask yourself, ‘Why have these things happened to me? Why have I been treated like a disgraced adulteress whose skirt has been torn off and her limbs exposed?’ It is because you have sinned so much. 23 But there is little hope for you ever doing good, you who are so accustomed to doing evil. Can an Ethiopian change the color of his skin? Can a leopard remove its spots? 24 “The Lord says, ‘That is why I will scatter your people like chaff that is blown away by a desert wind. 25 This is your fate, the destiny to which I have appointed you because you have forgotten me and have trusted in false gods. 26 So I will pull your skirt up over your face and expose you to shame like a disgraced adulteress!⁠ 27 People of Jerusalem, I have seen your adulterous worship, your shameless prostitution to, and your lustful pursuit of, other gods. I have seen your disgusting acts of worship on the hills throughout the countryside. You are doomed to destruction! How long will you continue to be unclean?’”

Texts in conversation

Compare Nahum 3:5 and Jeremiah 13:26

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Jeremiah depicts Jerusalem’s shame and humiliation in exile through the image of skirts being lifted to expose nakedness. Nahum uses this when describing Nineveh’s fall, similarly portraying its disgrace, emphasizing public dishonor and loss of status.

Passages

Nahum 3:5

Hebrew Bible
3 The charioteers will charge ahead; their swords will flash and their spears will glimmer! There will be many people slain; there will be piles of the dead and countless casualties—so many that people will stumble over the corpses. 4 Because you have acted like a wanton prostitute—a seductive mistress who practices sorcery, who enslaves nations by her harlotry, and entices peoples by her sorcery— 5 “I am against you,” declares the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “I will strip off your clothes! I will show your nakedness to the nations and your shame to the kingdoms. 6 I will pelt you with filth; I will treat you with contempt; I will make you a public spectacle. 7 Everyone who sees you will turn away from you in disgust; they will say, ‘Nineveh has been devastated! Who will lament for her?’ There will be no one to comfort you!”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Nahum

Jeremiah 13:26

Hebrew Bible
24 “The Lord says, ‘That is why I will scatter your people like chaff that is blown away by a desert wind. 25 This is your fate, the destiny to which I have appointed you because you have forgotten me and have trusted in false gods. 26 So I will pull your skirt up over your face and expose you to shame like a disgraced adulteress! 27 People of Jerusalem, I have seen your adulterous worship, your shameless prostitution to, and your lustful pursuit of, other gods. I have seen your disgusting acts of worship on the hills throughout the countryside. You are doomed to destruction! How long will you continue to be unclean?’”
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... Verses 7–9 deal with Jerusalem’s fate and uncleanness because of her sins. Again there is a contrast between the splendour of the past in Jerusalem (the name is used here for the first time) and the present time of affliction and wandering (also in 3:19). When the people of Jerusalem were conquered by the Babylonians, none of their former allies (e.g. Egypt) was there to help. Jerusalem became the object of ridicule (see Deuteronomy 28:37; Psalm 44:13–16; 79:4; Jeremiah 24:9). The picture here is of someone completely abandoned (‘no-one to help her’, verse 7; compare ‘none to comfort’, verse 2), ridiculed and put to shame, one of the worst things in many cultures. Verses 8–9 concentrate on the city’s uncleanness, caused by her many sins (see verse 5). The Hebrew word for unclean (verse 8) occurs only here. It may be derived from a verb meaning ‘to shake the head’ in scorn. This would match the end of verse 7. The Hebrew verb related to this is used in Psalm 44:14 and Jeremiah 18:16, but the word ‘head’ is included, which is absent from the verse in Lamentations. In verse 8 this word may be translated as ‘uncleanness’, which is a helpful link with what follows in the rest of the verse and in verse 9 and the reference to ritual uncleanness and nakedness. Uncleanness may refer to menstruation (see verse 18:19); nakedness itself was also considered to be shameful. In Jeremiah 13:26 and Nahum 3:5, God’s punishment of a sinful town is expressed in similar language: he will lift up their skirts ..."
Hetty Lalleman-de Winkel, Jeremiah and Lamentations: An Introduction and Commentary (Nottingham: Inter-Varsity, 2013), 329.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Nahum 3:5 and Jeremiah 13:26

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