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Micah

About this book
Chapter 7

1 Woe is me! For I am like those gathering fruit and those harvesting grapes, when there is no grape cluster to eat and no fresh figs that my stomach craves. 2 Faithful men have disappeared from the land; there are no godly men left. They all wait in ambush to shed blood; they hunt their own brother with a net. 3 They are experts at doing evil; government officials and judges take bribes, prominent men announce what they wish, and then they plan it out. 4 The best of them is like a thorn; their godly are like a thornbush. Woe to your watchmen; your appointed punishment is on the way. The time of their confusion is now. 5 Do not rely on a friend; do not trust a companion! Even with the one who lies in your arms, do not share secrets! 6 For a son thinks his father is a fool, a daughter challenges her mother, and a daughter-in-law her mother-in-law; a man’s enemies are his own family.⁠ 7 But I will keep watching for the Lord; I will wait for the God who delivers me. My God will listen to me. 8 My enemies, do not gloat over me! Though I have fallen, I will get up. Though I sit in darkness, the Lord will be my light. 9 I must endure the Lord’s fury, for I have sinned against him. But then he will defend my cause and accomplish justice on my behalf. He will lead me out into the light; I will witness his deliverance. 10 When my enemies see this, they will be covered with shame. They say to me, “Where is the Lord your God?” I will gloat over them; then they will be trampled down like mud in the streets.⁠ 11 It will be a day for rebuilding your walls; in that day your boundary will be extended. 12 In that day people will come to you from Assyria as far as Egypt, from Egypt as far as the Euphrates River, from the seacoasts and the mountains. 13 The earth will become desolate because of what its inhabitants have done. 14 Shepherd your people with your rod, the flock that belongs to you, the one that lives alone in a thicket, in the midst of a pastureland. Allow them to graze in Bashan and Gilead, as they did in the old days. 15 “As in the days when you departed from the land of Egypt, I will show you miraculous deeds.”⁠ 16 Nations will see this and be disappointed by all their strength; they will put their hands over their mouths and act as if they were deaf. 17 They will lick the dust like a snake, like serpents crawling on the ground.⁠ They will come trembling from their strongholds to the Lord our God; they will be terrified of you. 18 Who is a God like you? Who forgives sin and pardons the rebellion of those who remain among his people? Who does not stay angry forever, but delights in showing loyal love?⁠ 19 Who will once again have mercy on us? Who will conquer our evil deeds? Who will hurl all our sins into the depths of the sea?⁠ 20 You will be loyal to Jacob and extend your loyal love to Abraham, which you promised on oath to our ancestors in ancient times.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 34:6 and Micah 7:18

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Micah draws on the covenantal language of Exodus 34, where God is proclaimed as compassionate, faithful, and forgiving of sin. Micah reshapes the covenant formula into a prayer that recalls the commitments binding God and Israel.

Passages

Exodus 34:6

Hebrew Bible
4 So Moses cut out two tablets of stone like the first; early in the morning he went up to Mount Sinai, just as the Lord had commanded him, and he took in his hand the two tablets of stone. 5 The Lord descended in the cloud and stood with him there and proclaimed the Lord by name. 6 The Lord passed by before him and proclaimed: “The Lord, the Lord, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, and abounding in loyal love and faithfulness, 7 keeping loyal love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin. But he by no means leaves the guilty unpunished, responding to the transgression of fathers by dealing with children and children’s children, to the third and fourth generation.” 8 Moses quickly bowed to the ground and worshiped
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Micah 7:18

Hebrew Bible
16 Nations will see this and be disappointed by all their strength; they will put their hands over their mouths and act as if they were deaf. 17 They will lick the dust like a snake, like serpents crawling on the ground. They will come trembling from their strongholds to the Lord our God; they will be terrified of you. 18 Who is a God like you? Who forgives sin and pardons the rebellion of those who remain among his people? Who does not stay angry forever, but delights in showing loyal love? 19 Who will once again have mercy on us? Who will conquer our evil deeds? Who will hurl all our sins into the depths of the sea? 20 You will be loyal to Jacob and extend your loyal love to Abraham, which you promised on oath to our ancestors in ancient times.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Micah

References

"... These last verses of Micah form, not only the end of this prophetic book, but also the end of the first half of the Book of the Twelve. Micah 7:18-20 contains most of the keywords of Exodus 34:6-7 dispersing them across three verses and changing their original order. One could in fact ask if we have any reference, or allusion here at all. The fact is that forgiving, compassion or mercy and faithfulness and the important love are used. Also the three concepts for sin in Exodus 34:6-7 are used. Here it is not Yahweh speaking, but the prophet speaking in a peculiar mixture of second and third person to, or about Yahweh ..."
J. P. Bosman, “The Paradoxical Presence of Exodus 34:6–7 in the Book of the Twelve,” Scriptura 87 (2004): 233–243.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 34:6 and Micah 7:18

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