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Micah

About this book

The Lord Will Punish the Land Barons

Chapter 2

1 Beware wicked schemers, those who devise calamity as they lie in bed.⁠ As soon as morning dawns they carry out their plans, because they have the power to do so.⁠ 2 They confiscate the fields they desire and seize the houses they want. They defraud people of their homes and deprive people of the land they have inherited.⁠ 3 Therefore the Lord says this: “Look, I am devising disaster for this nation! It will be like a yoke from which you cannot free your neck. You will no longer walk proudly, for it will be a time of catastrophe. 4 In that day people will sing this taunt song to you—they will mock you with this lament: ‘We are completely destroyed; they sell off the property of my people. How they remove it from me! They assign our fields to the conqueror.’” 5 Therefore no one will assign you land in the Lord’s community.

The Prophet Responds to Criticism

6 “Don’t preach with such impassioned rhetoric,” they say excitedly. “These prophets should not preach of such things; we will not be overtaken by humiliation.” 7 Does the family of Jacob say, “The Lord’s patience can’t be exhausted—he would never do such things”? To be sure, my commands bring a reward for those who obey them,⁠ 8 but you rise up as an enemy against my people. You steal a robe from a friend, from those who pass by peacefully as if returning from a war. 9 You wrongly evict widows among my people from their cherished homes. You defraud their children of their prized inheritance. 10 But you are the ones who will be forced to leave! For this land is not secure; sin will thoroughly destroy it! 11 If a lying windbag should come and say, ‘I’ll promise you blessings of wine and beer,’ he would be just the right preacher for these people!⁠

A Shift to an Oracle of Encouragement

12 “I will certainly gather all of you, O Jacob, I will certainly assemble those Israelites who remain. I will bring them together like sheep in a fold, like a flock in the middle of a pasture; they will be so numerous that they will make a lot of noise. 13 The one who can break through barriers will lead them out; they will break out, pass through the gate, and leave. Their king will advance before them; the Lord himself will lead them.”⁠

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Texts in conversation

Compare Micah 2:13 and Jonathan Micah 2:13

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Micah, a king leads people through a gate. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, he conquers enemy cities, interpreting their escape as national liberation and renewed rule.

Passages

Micah 2:13

Hebrew Bible
11 If a lying windbag should come and say, ‘I’ll promise you blessings of wine and beer,’ he would be just the right preacher for these people!12 “I will certainly gather all of you, O Jacob, I will certainly assemble those Israelites who remain. I will bring them together like sheep in a fold, like a flock in the middle of a pasture; they will be so numerous that they will make a lot of noise.13 The one who can break through barriers will lead them out; they will break out, pass through the gate, and leave. Their king will advance before them; the Lord himself will lead them.”
740–401 BCE Read in Micah

Jonathan Micah 2:13

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
11 For they stray after false prophets, who prophesy lies to them and teach them about wine and drunkenness. As they learned to stray after false prophets, so this generation’s people will be exiled to a land of falsehood.12 In the end I will gather all of you from Jacob’s house. I will bring your exiles together, the survivors of Israel. I will put them together like sheep in an enclosure, like a flock in a pen. The great number of people there will make a commotion.13 Those who escape will go up as they did at first. A king will go up at their head, leading them. He will break the enemy who oppresses them and conquer fortified cities. They will possess the nations’ cities. Their king will lead them, and the Memra of the Lord will support them.

References

“... Moreover, the Micah Targum associates this with messianic rule in 2:13: The delivered shall go up as at the beginning, and a king shall go up, leading at their head, and he shall break the enemy who oppresses them, tread down strong fortresses; they shall inherit the cities of the gentiles and their king shall be at their head and the Memra of the Lord will be their help. ...”
Paul V. M. Flesher and Bruce D. Chilton, The Targums: A Critical Introduction, SAIS 12 (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2011), 224.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Micah 2:13 and Jonathan Micah 2:13

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