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Micah

About this book
Chapter 3

1 I said, “Listen, you leaders of Jacob, you rulers of the nation of Israel!⁠ You ought to know what is just, 2 yet you hate what is good and love what is evil. You flay my people’s skin and rip the flesh from their bones. 3 You devour my people’s flesh, strip off their skin, and crush their bones. You chop them up like flesh in a pot—like meat in a kettle. 4 Someday these sinful leaders will cry to the Lord for help, but he will not answer them. He will hide his face from them at that time, because they have done such wicked deeds.” 5 This is what the Lord has said about the prophets who mislead my people, “If someone gives them enough to eat, they offer an oracle of peace. But if someone does not give them food, they are ready to declare war on him. 6 Therefore night will fall, and you will receive no visions; it will grow dark, and you will no longer be able to read the omens. The sun will set on these prophets, and the daylight will turn to darkness over their heads. 7 The prophets will be ashamed; the omen readers will be humiliated. All of them will cover their mouths, for they will receive no divine oracles.” 8 But I am full of the courage that the Lord’s Spirit gives and have a strong commitment to justice. This enables me to confront Jacob with its rebellion and Israel with its sin. 9 Listen to this, you leaders of the family of Jacob, you rulers of the nation of Israel! You hate justice and pervert all that is right. 10 You build Zion through bloody crimes, Jerusalem through unjust violence.⁠ 11 Her leaders take bribes when they decide legal cases, her priests proclaim rulings for profit, and her prophets read omens for pay. Yet they claim to trust the Lord and say, “The Lord is among us. Disaster will not overtake us!” 12 Therefore, because of you, Zion will be plowed up like a field, Jerusalem will become a heap of ruins, and the Temple Mount will become a hill overgrown with brush!⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Micah 3:1 and LXX Micah 3:1

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Micah addresses “rulers of the nation of Israel.” The Greek Septuagint changes this to “you who are left remaining of the house of Israel,” shifting the audience from Israel’s leaders to the scattered remnant living in exile.

Passages

Micah 3:1

Hebrew Bible
1 I said, “Listen, you leaders of Jacob, you rulers of the nation of Israel! You ought to know what is just, 2 yet you hate what is good and love what is evil. You flay my people’s skin and rip the flesh from their bones. 3 You devour my people’s flesh, strip off their skin, and crush their bones. You chop them up like flesh in a pot—like meat in a kettle.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Micah

LXX Micah 3:1

Septuagint
1 And he shall say, Hear now these words, you heads of the house of Jacob, and you remnant of the house of Israel; is it not for you to know judgment? 2 who hate good, and seek evil; who tear their skins off them, and their flesh off their bones: 3 even as they devoured the flesh of my people, and stripped their skins off them, and broke their bones, and divided them as flesh for the cauldron, and as meat for the pot,
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Micah

References

"... Micah 3:1 and 3:9 reflect historicising shifts via lexical changes. There the translator rendered וּקְצִינֵי בֵּית יִשְׂרָאֵל “and rulers of the house of Israel” as καὶ οἱ κατάλοιποι οἴκου Ισραηλ “and you who are left of the house of Israel.” Many commentators suggest that the shifts reflect a mistaken reading of קָצִין as some form of קָצֵץ “to cut off,” קָצָה “end,” or קָצֶה “end.” However, the plain sense of קָצִין “chief, ruler” elsewhere in the Masoretic Text is maintained by the Septuagint (ἀρχηγός “leader” [Judges 11:6, 11]; ἄρχων “ruler” [Isaiah 1:10; 22:3]; ἐνάρχομαι “to begin” [Joshua 10:24]; βασιλεύς “king” [Proverbs 25:15]). In my opinion, the strongest explanation for the shifts in 3:1 and 3:9 comes from Aaron Schart (2011, 2285) who argues that these shifts reflect the translator's intention to include the diaspora in the threats to follow ..."
Steve Modugno, “Translation Shifts in LXX-Micah as Clues to its Theology and Ideology,” in Construction, Coherence and Connotations: Studies on the Septuagint, Apocryphal and Cognate Literature, ed. Johann Cook and Hermann-Josef Stipp (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2016), 183–184.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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