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Micah

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is the Lord’s message that came to Micah of Moresheth during the time of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem. 2 Listen, all you nations! Pay attention, all inhabitants of earth! The Sovereign Lord will act as a witness against you; the Lord will accuse you from his majestic palace.⁠ 3 Look, the Lord is coming out of his dwelling place! He will descend and march on the earth’s mountaintops!⁠ 4 The mountains will crumble beneath him, and the valleys will split apart like wax before a fire,⁠ like water dumped down a steep slope.⁠ 5 All this is because of Jacob’s rebellion and the sins of the nation of Israel. And just what is Jacob’s rebellion? Isn’t it Samaria’s doings? And what is Judah’s sin? Isn’t it Jerusalem’s doings? 6 “I will turn Samaria into a heap of ruins in an open field, into a place for planting vineyards. I will dump the rubble of her walls down into the valley and lay bare her foundations. 7 All her carved idols will be smashed to pieces; all her metal cult statues will be destroyed by fire. I will make a waste heap of all her images. Since she gathered the metal as a prostitute collects her wages, the idols will become a prostitute’s wages again.”⁠ 8 For this reason I will mourn and wail; I will walk around barefoot and without my outer garments.⁠ I will howl like a jackal and screech like an ostrich.33⁠ 9 For Samaria’s disease is incurable. It has infected Judah; it has spread to the leadership of my people and even to Jerusalem! 10 Don’t spread the news in Gath. Don’t shed even a single tear. In Beth Leaphrah roll about in mourning in the dust! 11 Residents of Shaphir, pass by in nakedness and humiliation! The residents of Zaanan have not escaped. Beth Ezel mourns, “He takes from you what he desires.” 12 Indeed, the residents of Maroth hope for something good to happen, though the Lord has sent disaster against the city of Jerusalem. 13 Residents of Lachish, hitch the horses to the chariots! You influenced Daughter Zion to sin, for Israel’s rebellious deeds can be traced back to you! 14 Therefore you will have to say farewell to Moresheth Gath. The residents of Achzib will be as disappointing as a dried up well to the kings of Israel. 15 Residents of Mareshah, a conqueror will attack you; the leaders of Israel shall flee to Adullam. 16 Shave your heads bald as you mourn for the children you love;⁠ shave your foreheads as bald as an eagle, for they are taken from you into exile.

Texts in conversation

Compare Micah 1:8 and LXX Micah 1:8

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Micah describes mourning in the first person, with the speaker going barefoot and naked. The Greek Septuagint shifts all verbs to the third person, making Samaria the subject instead, likely to avoid depicting God lamenting in nakedness.
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Passages

Micah 1:8

Hebrew Bible
7 All her carved idols will be smashed to pieces; all her metal cult statues will be destroyed by fire. I will make a waste heap of all her images. Since she gathered the metal as a prostitute collects her wages, the idols will become a prostitute’s wages again.” 8 For this reason I will mourn and wail; I will walk around barefoot and without my outer garments. I will howl like a jackal and screech like an ostrich.33 9 For Samaria’s disease is incurable. It has infected Judah; it has spread to the leadership of my people and even to Jerusalem!
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Micah

LXX Micah 1:8

Septuagint
7 And they shall cut in pieces all the carved images, and all that she has hired they shall burn with fire, and I will utterly destroy all her idols: because she has gathered of the hires of fornication, and she has amassed wealth from the earnings of prostitution. 8 Therefore she will lament and wail, she shall go barefooted, and being naked she shall make lamentation as that of serpents, and mourning as of the daughters of sirens. 9 For her plague has become severe; for it has come even to Judah; and has reached to the gate of my people, even to Jerusalem.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Micah

References

"… The four shifts from first person to third person are also theologically motivated. … The LORD lamenting in nakedness was likely too scandalous for the translator. Therefore, he rendered the verse in such a way (four shifts in person) that the audience would understand the acts of mourning as those that Samaria would carry out. Gelston (2010, 96*) suggests that the shifts were “perhaps caused by doubt as to the identity of the subj.” It seems more likely that the translator understood the subject to be the prophet but did not want to risk his audience reading the Lord as the subject of the present context. Perhaps Isaiah 20:2–4 influenced the translator’s shifts. There the LORD commands Isaiah to walk naked and barefoot for three years as a sign that the king of Assyria will take away the Egyptian captives and Cushite exiles naked and barefoot in that context was not a sign of mourning but a way to shame those enduring judgment …"
Steve Modugno, “Translation Shifts in LXX-Micah as Clues to its Theology and Ideology,” in Construction, Coherence and Connotations: Studies on the Septuagint, Apocryphal and Cognate Literature, ed. Johann Cook and Hermann-Josef Stipp (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2016), 185–186.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Micah 1:8 and LXX Micah 1:8

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