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LXX Micah

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 1

1 And the word of the Lord came to Micah the son of Moresheth, in the days of Jotham, and Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, concerning what he saw regarding Samaria and Jerusalem. 2 Hear these words, you people; and let the earth give heed, and all that are in it: and the Lord shall be among you for a testimony, the Lord out of his holy habitation. 3 For, look, the Lord comes forth out of his place, and will come down, and will go upon the high places of the earth. 4 And the mountains shall be shaken under him, and the valleys shall melt like wax before the fire, and as water rushing down a declivity. 5 All these calamities are for the transgression of Jacob, and for the sin of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? is it not Samaria? and what is the sin of the house of Judah? is it not Jerusalem? 6 Therefore I will make Samaria as a store-house of the fruits of the field, and as a planting of a vineyard: and I will utterly demolish her stones, and I will expose her foundations. 7 And they shall cut in pieces all the carved images, and all that she has hired they shall burn with fire, and I will utterly destroy all her idols: because she has gathered of the hires of fornication, and she has amassed wealth from the earnings of prostitution. 8 Therefore she will lament and wail, she shall go barefooted, and being naked she shall make lamentation as that of serpents, and mourning as of the daughters of sirens.⁠ 9 For her plague has become severe; for it has come even to Judah; and has reached to the gate of my people, even to Jerusalem. 10 You that are in Gath, do not exalt yourselves, and you that are in Akim, do not rebuild from the ruins of the house in derision: sprinkle dust in the place of your laughter. 11 The inhabitant of Zaanan, fairly inhabiting her cities, did not come forth to mourn for the house next to her: she shall receive of you the stroke of grief. 12 Who has begun to act for good to her that dwells in sorrow? for calamities have come down from the Lord upon the gates of Jerusalem, 13 even a sound of chariots and horsemen: the inhabitant of Lachish, she is the leader of sin to the daughter of Zion: for in you were found the transgressions of Israel. 14 Therefore you shall cause men to be sent forth as far as the inheritance of Gath, even vain houses; they have become vanity to the kings of Israel; 15 until I bring the heirs to you, inhabitant of Lachish: the inheritance shall reach to Adullam, even the glory of the daughter of Israel. 16 Shave your hair, and make yourself bald for your delicate children; increase your widowhood as an eagle; for your people have gone into captivity from you.

Texts in conversation

Compare Micah 1:8 and LXX Micah 1:8

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Micah describes mourning in the first person, with the speaker going barefoot and naked. The Greek Septuagint shifts all verbs to the third person, making Samaria the subject instead, likely to avoid depicting God lamenting in nakedness.
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Passages

Micah 1:8

Hebrew Bible
7 All her carved idols will be smashed to pieces; all her metal cult statues will be destroyed by fire. I will make a waste heap of all her images. Since she gathered the metal as a prostitute collects her wages, the idols will become a prostitute’s wages again.” 8 For this reason I will mourn and wail; I will walk around barefoot and without my outer garments. I will howl like a jackal and screech like an ostrich.33 9 For Samaria’s disease is incurable. It has infected Judah; it has spread to the leadership of my people and even to Jerusalem!
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Micah

LXX Micah 1:8

Septuagint
7 And they shall cut in pieces all the carved images, and all that she has hired they shall burn with fire, and I will utterly destroy all her idols: because she has gathered of the hires of fornication, and she has amassed wealth from the earnings of prostitution. 8 Therefore she will lament and wail, she shall go barefooted, and being naked she shall make lamentation as that of serpents, and mourning as of the daughters of sirens. 9 For her plague has become severe; for it has come even to Judah; and has reached to the gate of my people, even to Jerusalem.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Micah

References

"… The four shifts from first person to third person are also theologically motivated. … The LORD lamenting in nakedness was likely too scandalous for the translator. Therefore, he rendered the verse in such a way (four shifts in person) that the audience would understand the acts of mourning as those that Samaria would carry out. Gelston (2010, 96*) suggests that the shifts were “perhaps caused by doubt as to the identity of the subj.” It seems more likely that the translator understood the subject to be the prophet but did not want to risk his audience reading the Lord as the subject of the present context. Perhaps Isaiah 20:2–4 influenced the translator’s shifts. There the LORD commands Isaiah to walk naked and barefoot for three years as a sign that the king of Assyria will take away the Egyptian captives and Cushite exiles naked and barefoot in that context was not a sign of mourning but a way to shame those enduring judgment …"
Steve Modugno, “Translation Shifts in LXX-Micah as Clues to its Theology and Ideology,” in Construction, Coherence and Connotations: Studies on the Septuagint, Apocryphal and Cognate Literature, ed. Johann Cook and Hermann-Josef Stipp (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2016), 185–186.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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