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Matthew

About this book
Chapter 11

1 When Jesus had finished instructing his 12 disciples, he went on from there to teach and preach in their towns. 2 Now when John heard in prison about the deeds Christ had done, he sent his disciples to ask a question: 3 “Are you the one who is to come, or should we look for another?” 4 Jesus answered them, “Go tell John what you hear and see: 5 The blind see, the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the poor have good news proclaimed to them⁠ 6 —and blessed is anyone who takes no offense at me!” 7 While they were going away, Jesus began to speak to the crowd about John: “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed shaken by the wind?⁠ 8 What did you go out to see? A man dressed in soft clothing? Look, those who wear soft clothing are in the palaces of kings! 9 What did you go out to see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and more than a prophet! 10 This is the one about whom it is written: “‘Look, I am sending my messenger ahead of you, who will prepare your way before you.’ 11 “I tell you the truth, among those born of women, no one has arisen greater than John the Baptist. Yet the one who is least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he is!⁠ 12 From the days of John the Baptist until now the kingdom of heaven has suffered violence, and forceful people lay hold of it.⁠ 13 For all the prophets and the law prophesied until John appeared. 14 And if you are willing to accept it, he is Elijah, who is to come. 15 The one who has ears had better listen! 16 “To what should I compare this generation? They are like children sitting in the marketplaces who call out to one another, 17 “‘We played the flute for you, yet you did not dance; we wailed in mourning, yet you did not weep.’⁠ 18 For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, ‘He has a demon!’ 19 The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, ‘Look at him, a glutton and a drunk, a friend of tax collectors and sinners!’⁠ But wisdom is vindicated by her deeds.” 20 Then Jesus began to criticize openly the cities in which he had done many of his miracles because they did not repent. 21 “Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! If the miracles done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. 22 But I tell you, it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon on the day of judgment than for you! 23 And you, Capernaum, will you be exalted to heaven? No, you will be thrown down to Hades!⁠ For if the miracles done among you had been done in Sodom, it would have continued to this day. 24 But I tell you, it will be more bearable for the region of Sodom on the day of judgment than for you!” 25 At that time Jesus said, “I praise you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because you have hidden these things from the wise and intelligent, and have revealed them to little children.⁠ 26 Yes, Father, for this was your gracious will. 27 All things have been handed over to me by my Father. No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and anyone to whom the Son decides to reveal him. 28 Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.⁠ 29 Take my yoke on you and learn from me because I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. 30 For my yoke is easy to bear, and my load is not hard to carry.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Galatians 5:1 and Matthew 11:30 and Gospel of Thomas 90

New Testament · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In Galatians, a yoke means slavery; in Matthew, Jesus calls his yoke easy. In the Gospel of Thomas, Jesus also calls his rule gentle, explaining the familiar farming image as a way to describe his authority.

Passages

Galatians 5:1

New Testament
1 For freedom Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not be subject again to the yoke of slavery. 2 Listen! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no benefit to you at all! 3 And I testify again to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law.
48–55 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Galatians

Matthew 11:30

New Testament
28 Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. 29 Take my yoke on you and learn from me because I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. 30 For my yoke is easy to bear, and my load is not hard to carry.”
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

Gospel of Thomas 90

Nag Hammadi
89 Jesus said, “Why do you wash the outside of the cup? Do you not realize that he who made the inside is the same one who made the outside?” 90 Jesus said, “Come to me, for my yoke is easy and my lordship is gentle, and you will find rest for yourselves.” 91 They said to him, “Tell us who you are so that we may believe in you.” He said to them, “You examine the face of heaven and earth, but you do not recognize the one who is before you, and you do not know how to examine this moment.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... D. The passage is reflected in Gos. Thom. 90, where parallel to "my yoke is kind" is the clause "my rule is gentle." A knowledge of the passage is also reflected in 2 Clem. 6:7. [...] Sir 51:23-27 (cf. too Sir 6:23-31) serves as a particularly promising background for the present passage. Direct dependence, though probable, cannot be proved. [...] Sirach exhorts his readers to "put your neck under the yoke" (51:26) and notes that after laboring "little" one may find "much rest" (51:27). [...] 29 The meaning of the preceding verse is now made more precise. The invitation to come to Jesus is an invitation to discipleship, that is, to follow him and his teaching. "Yoke" [...] is a common metaphor for the law, both in Judaism (m. [...] Abot 3:5; m. Ber. 2:2; cf. 1 QH 6: 19) and in the NT (Acts 15: 10; Gal 5: 1). When Jesus invites people with the words [...] "take my yoke upon you," he invites them to follow his own teaching as the definitive interpretation of the law (see on 5: 17-20.). ...”
Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 1–13, WBC 33A (Dallas: Word, 1993), 323–324.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Galatians 5:1 and Matthew 11:30 and Gospel of Thomas 90

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