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Galatians

About this book
Chapter 5

1 For freedom Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not be subject again to the yoke of slavery.⁠ 2 Listen! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no benefit to you at all! 3 And I testify again to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law. 4 You who are trying to be declared righteous by the law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace! 5 For through the Spirit, by faith, we wait expectantly for the hope of righteousness. 6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision carries any weight—the only thing that matters is faith working through love. 7 You were running well; who prevented you from obeying the truth?⁠ 8 This persuasion does not come from the one who calls you! 9 A little yeast makes the whole batch of dough rise! 10 I am confident in the Lord that you will accept no other view. But the one who is confusing you will pay the penalty, whoever he may be. 11 Now, brothers and sisters, if I am still preaching circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross has been removed.⁠ 12 I wish those agitators would go so far as to castrate themselves! 13 For you were called to freedom, brothers and sisters; only do not use your freedom as an opportunity to indulge your flesh, but through love serve one another. 14 For the whole law can be summed up in a single commandment, namely, “You must love your neighbor as yourself.” 15 However, if you continually bite and devour one another, beware that you are not consumed by one another. 16 But I say, live by the Spirit and you will not carry out the desires of the flesh. 17 For the flesh has desires that are opposed to the Spirit, and the Spirit has desires that are opposed to the flesh,⁠ for these are in opposition to each other, so that you cannot do what you want.⁠ 18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law. 19 Now the works of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity, depravity, 20 idolatry, sorcery, hostilities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish rivalries, dissensions, factions, 21 envying, murder, drunkenness, carousing, and similar things. I am warning you, as I had warned you before: Those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God! 22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness,⁠ 23 gentleness, and self-control. Against such things there is no law. 24 Now those who belong to Christ have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. 25 If we live by the Spirit, let us also behave in accordance with the Spirit. 26 Let us not become conceited, provoking one another, being jealous of one another.

Texts in conversation

Compare Galatians 5:1 and Matthew 11:30 and Gospel of Thomas 90

New Testament · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In Galatians, a yoke means slavery; in Matthew, Jesus calls his yoke easy. In the Gospel of Thomas, Jesus also calls his rule gentle, explaining the familiar farming image as a way to describe his authority.

Passages

Galatians 5:1

New Testament
1 For freedom Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not be subject again to the yoke of slavery. 2 Listen! I, Paul, tell you that if you let yourselves be circumcised, Christ will be of no benefit to you at all! 3 And I testify again to every man who lets himself be circumcised that he is obligated to obey the whole law.
48–55 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Galatians

Matthew 11:30

New Testament
28 Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. 29 Take my yoke on you and learn from me because I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. 30 For my yoke is easy to bear, and my load is not hard to carry.”
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

Gospel of Thomas 90

Nag Hammadi
89 Jesus said, “Why do you wash the outside of the cup? Do you not realize that he who made the inside is the same one who made the outside?” 90 Jesus said, “Come to me, for my yoke is easy and my lordship is gentle, and you will find rest for yourselves.” 91 They said to him, “Tell us who you are so that we may believe in you.” He said to them, “You examine the face of heaven and earth, but you do not recognize the one who is before you, and you do not know how to examine this moment.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... D. The passage is reflected in Gos. Thom. 90, where parallel to "my yoke is kind" is the clause "my rule is gentle." A knowledge of the passage is also reflected in 2 Clem. 6:7. [...] Sir 51:23-27 (cf. too Sir 6:23-31) serves as a particularly promising background for the present passage. Direct dependence, though probable, cannot be proved. [...] Sirach exhorts his readers to "put your neck under the yoke" (51:26) and notes that after laboring "little" one may find "much rest" (51:27). [...] 29 The meaning of the preceding verse is now made more precise. The invitation to come to Jesus is an invitation to discipleship, that is, to follow him and his teaching. "Yoke" [...] is a common metaphor for the law, both in Judaism (m. [...] Abot 3:5; m. Ber. 2:2; cf. 1 QH 6: 19) and in the NT (Acts 15: 10; Gal 5: 1). When Jesus invites people with the words [...] "take my yoke upon you," he invites them to follow his own teaching as the definitive interpretation of the law (see on 5: 17-20.). ...”
Donald A. Hagner, Matthew 1–13, WBC 33A (Dallas: Word, 1993), 323–324.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Galatians 5:1 and Matthew 11:30 and Gospel of Thomas 90

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