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LXX Zechariah

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 9

1 The burden of the word of the Lord, in the land of Shadrach, and his sacrifice shall be in Damascus; for the Lord looks upon men, and upon all the tribes of Israel. 2 And in Hamath, even in her borders, are Tyre and Sidon, because they were very wise. 3 And Tyre built strongholds for herself, and heaped up silver as dust, and gathered gold as the mire of the ways. 4 And therefore the Lord will take her for a possession, and will strike her power in the sea; and she shall be consumed with fire. 5 Ashkelon shall see, and fear; Gaza also, and shall be greatly pained, and Ekron; for she is ashamed at her trespass; and the king shall perish from Gaza, and Ashkelon shall not be inhabited. 6 And aliens shall dwell in Ashdod, and I will bring down the pride of the Philistines. 7 And I will take their blood out of their mouth, and their abominations from between their teeth; and he also shall be left to our God, and they shall be as a captain of a thousand in Judah, and Ekron as a Jebusite. 8 And I will set up a defense for my house, that they may not pass through, nor turn back, neither shall there any more come upon them one to drive them away: for now I have seen with my eyes. 9 Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion; proclaim it aloud, daughter of Jerusalem; look, your King is coming to you, just, and a Savior; he is meek and riding on an donkey, and a young foal.⁠ 10 And he shall destroy the chariots out of Ephraim, and the horse out of Jerusalem, and the bow of war shall be utterly destroyed; and there shall be abundance and peace out of the nations; and he shall rule over the waters as far as the sea, and the rivers to the ends of the earth. 11 And you by the blood of the covenant have sent forth your prisoners out of the pit that has no water. 12 You shall dwell in strongholds, you prisoners of the congregation: and for one day of your captivity I will repay you double. 13 For I have bent you, Judah, for myself as a bow, I have filled Ephraim; and I will raise up your children, Zion, against the children of the Greeks, and I will handle you as the sword of a warrior. 14 And the Lord shall be over them,⁠ and his arrow shall go forth as lightning: and the Lord Almighty shall blow with the trumpet; and shall proceed with the tumult of his threatening. 15 The Lord Almighty shall protect them, and they shall destroy them, and overwhelm them with sling-stones; and they shall swallow them down as wine, and fill the altar as bowls. 16 And the Lord shall save them in that day, even his people as a flock; for holy stones are rolled upon his land. 17 For if he has anything good, and if he has anything fair, the young men shall have grain, and there shall be fragrant wine to the virgins.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Zechariah 9:9 and Matthew 21:5

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew 21, the quote from Zechariah 9 blends the Hebrew and Septuagint versions, creating an image of Jesus riding two animals. This comes from reading the poetic repetition in Zechariah literally, using two animals where the original meant one.

Passages

LXX Zechariah 9:9

Septuagint
7 And I will take their blood out of their mouth, and their abominations from between their teeth; and he also shall be left to our God, and they shall be as a captain of a thousand in Judah, and Ekron as a Jebusite. 8 And I will set up a defense for my house, that they may not pass through, nor turn back, neither shall there any more come upon them one to drive them away: for now I have seen with my eyes. 9 Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion; proclaim it aloud, daughter of Jerusalem; look, your King is coming to you, just, and a Savior; he is meek and riding on an donkey, and a young foal. 10 And he shall destroy the chariots out of Ephraim, and the horse out of Jerusalem, and the bow of war shall be utterly destroyed; and there shall be abundance and peace out of the nations; and he shall rule over the waters as far as the sea, and the rivers to the ends of the earth.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Zechariah

Matthew 21:5

New Testament
1 Now when they approached Jerusalem and came to Bethphage, at the Mount of Olives, Jesus sent two disciples, 2 telling them, “Go to the village ahead of you. Right away you will find a donkey tied there, and a colt with her. Untie them and bring them to me. 3 If anyone says anything to you, you are to say, ‘The Lord needs them,’ and he will send them at once.” 4 This took place to fulfill what was spoken by the prophet: 5 “Tell the people of Zion, ‘Look, your king is coming to you, unassuming and seated on a donkey, and on a colt, the foal of a donkey.’” 6 So the disciples went and did as Jesus had instructed them. 7 They brought the donkey and the colt and placed their cloaks on them, and he sat on them. 8 A very large crowd spread their cloaks on the road. Others cut branches from the trees and spread them on the road.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Unlike with most other FCs, Matthew 21:5 (= Zechariah 9:9) does not appear to be Matthew’s “discovery”: John also cites this text (John 12:15), and Mark may well allude to it (Mark 11:2, 7). But Matthew gives the citation his own distinctive interpretation ... The so-called “triumphal entry,” Matthew 21:1-17 narrates how Jesus, celebrated by “the crowds” as “Son of David” but regarded suspiciously by (all!) the “city’s” inhabitants, finally enters Jerusalem and the Temple, drives out the buyers, sellers, and moneychangers, heals the blind and lame, receives further acclaim (from the children) and further suspicion (from the leaders), and retreats to Bethany. Near the beginning of the pericope, a conflated FC announces fulfillment: “[Isaiah 62:11 Masoretic/LXX] Tell the daughter of Zion, [Zechariah 9:9 LXX] Look, your king is coming to you, humble, and mounted on a donkey, and on [Zechariah 9:9 MT] a colt, the foal of a donkey.” Fulfilling the prophecy, Jesus then rides both a donkey and colt. A reading of this FC should begin with the obvious question: why does Matthew apparently portray Jesus as “a trick rider balancing himself on two animals at the same time”? It is this multiplicity of animals that underwrites a common reading of Matthew’s hermeneutic. For many scholars, so strange is the image that it can mean only one thing: Matthew is not using Scripture to interpret a story but rather to manufacture one. The “circus spectacle” is a result of the fact that Matthew, with his prediction–verification hermeneutic, would create “an exact correspondence with the actual wording” of Zechariah 9:9, but, failing to appreciate the Hebrew parallelism, thinks such a correspondence requires two animals. Scripture has two animals; Jesus fulfills predictions; ergo, Jesus rode two animals ..."
Zack C. Phillips, “Filling Up the Word: The Fulfillment Citations in Matthew’s Gospel” (PhD diss., Duke University, 2017), 282–284.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Zechariah 9:9 and Matthew 21:5

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