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LXX Psalms

Septuagint

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Psalm 142

1 A Psalm of David, when his son was pursuing him. Lord, attend to my prayer: listen to my plea in your truth; hear me in your righteousness. 2 And do not enter into judgment with your servant, for in your sight shall no man living be justified.⁠ 3 For the enemy has persecuted my soul; he has brought my life down to the ground; he has made me to dwell in a dark place, as those that have been long dead. 4 And my spirit was grieved in me; my heart was troubled within me. 5 I remembered the days of old; and I meditated on all your doings: yes, I meditated on the works of your hands. 6 I spread forth my hands to you; my soul thirsts for you, as a dry land. Pause. 7 Hear me speedily, Lord; my spirit has failed; do not turn away your face from me, else I shall be like those who go down to the pit. 8 Cause me to hear your mercy in the morning; for I have hoped in you; make known to me, Lord, the way in which I should walk; for I have lifted up my soul to you. 9 Deliver me from my enemies, Lord; for I have fled to you for refuge. 10 Teach me to do your will; for you are my God; your good Spirit shall guide me in an upright land. 11 You shall revive me, Lord, for your name's sake; in your righteousness you shall bring my soul out of affliction. 12 And in your mercy you will destroy my enemies, and will destroy all those that afflict my soul; for I am your servant.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Psalm 142:2 and Galatians 2:16

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Galatians echoes the Greek Septuagint translation of Psalm 142, which says no living person is righteous before God. Paul changes this to “all flesh,” harmonizing it with his appeal that they should not place their confidence in their circumcision.

Passages

LXX Psalm 142:2

Septuagint
1 A Psalm of David, when his son was pursuing him. Lord, attend to my prayer: listen to my plea in your truth; hear me in your righteousness. 2 And do not enter into judgment with your servant, for in your sight shall no man living be justified. 3 For the enemy has persecuted my soul; he has brought my life down to the ground; he has made me to dwell in a dark place, as those that have been long dead.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Psalms

Galatians 2:16

New Testament
15 We are Jews by birth and not Gentile sinners, 16 yet we know that no one is justified by the works of the law but by the faithfulness of Jesus Christ. And we have come to believe in Christ Jesus, so that we may be justified by the faithfulness of Christ and not by the works of the law, because by the works of the law no one will be justified. 17 But if while seeking to be justified in Christ we ourselves have also been found to be sinners, is Christ then one who encourages sin? Absolutely not!
48–55 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Galatians

References

"... Paul’s rhetoric seems to indicate an astonished outrage at the way the Galatians have thoroughly misunderstood the gospel (esp. Galatians 1:6–9; 3:1–5; 4:9–11) they once received so readily (Galatians 4:15–20; 5:7). Whoever Paul expected to know this justification tradition, Paul combined the tradition with Jewish Scripture. Paul substantiates his argument with allusion to the Jewish Scriptures, authoritative texts for all relevant parties (Peter, the Galatians, and the opponents). An allusion to the Septuagint of Psalm 142:2 is widely recognized in Galatians 2:16 but rarely is any significance attributed to Paul’s replacement of the Psalm’s phrase “everyone living [πᾶς ζῶν/כל־חי]” with Paul’s phrase “all flesh [πᾶσα σάρξ].” Some doubt that “all flesh” is anything more than a different Vorlage, or simply a stronger expression for human frailty. Martyn suggests that Paul’s turn of phrase is motivated by polemic against the opponents’ attempt to boast “in flesh” (Galatians 6:13). Surely Paul’s choice of the word “flesh [σάρξ]” is connected to his argument against circumcision. Is it possible, however, that Paul’s textual adjustment to the Psalm is more consequential than an alteration to fit his argument against circumcision? ..."
Tyler Allen Stewart, “‘The Present Evil Age’: The Origin and Persistence of Evil in Galatians” (diss., Marquette University, 2019), 227–228.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Psalm 142:2 and Galatians 2:16

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