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LXX Proverbs

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 3

1 My son, do not forget my laws; but let your heart keep my words: 2 for length of existence, and years of life, and peace, they will add to you. 3 Let not mercy and truth forsake you; but bind them about your neck: so you will find favor: 4 and provide things honorable in the sight of the Lord, and of men. 5 Trust in God with all your heart; and do not be exalted in your own wisdom. 6 In all your ways acquaint yourself with her, that she may rightly direct your paths, and your foot shall not stumble. 7 Do not be wise in your own conceit; but fear God, and depart from all evil. 8 Then shall there be health to your body, and good keeping to your bones. 9 Honor the Lord with your just labors, and give him the first of your fruits of righteousness: 10 that your storehouses may be completely filled with grain, and that your presses may burst forth with wine. 11 My son, do not despise the chastening of the Lord; nor faint when you are rebuked by him:⁠ 12 for whom the Lord loves, he rebukes, and scourges every son whom he receives. 13 Blessed is the man who has found wisdom, and the mortal who knows prudence. 14 For it is better to traffic for her, than for treasures of gold and silver. 15 And she is more valuable than precious stones:⁠ no evil thing shall resist her: she is well known to all that approach her,⁠ and no precious thing is equal to her in value. 16 For length of existence and years of life are in her right hand; and in her left hand are wealth and glory: 16a out of her mouth proceeds righteousness, and she carries law and mercy upon her tongue. 17 Her ways are good ways, and all her paths are peaceful. 18 She is a tree of life to all that lay hold upon her; and she is a secure help to all that stay themselves on her, as on the Lord. 19 God by wisdom founded the earth, and by prudence he prepared the heavens. 20 By understanding were the depths broken up, and the clouds dropped dew. 21 My son, let them not pass from you, but keep my counsel and understanding: 22 that your soul may live, and that there may be grace round your neck; 22a and it shall be health to your flesh, and safety to your bones: 23 that you may go confidently in peace in all your ways, and that your foot may not stumble. 24 For if you rest, you shall be undismayed; and if you sleep, you shall slumber sweetly. 25 And you shall not be afraid of alarm coming upon you, neither of approaching attacks of ungodly men. 26 For the Lord shall be over all your ways, and shall establish your foot that you are not moved. 27 Do not hesitate to do good to the poor, whenever your hand may have power to help him. 28 Do not say, Come back another time, tomorrow I will give; while you are able to do him good: for you do not know what the next day will bring forth. 29 Do not devise evil against your friend, living near you and trusting in you. 30 Do not be ready to quarrel with a man without a cause, for fear that he might do you some harm. 31 Do not bring on the reproaches of bad men, neither do you covet their ways. 32 For every transgressor is unclean before the Lord; neither does he sit among the righteous. 33 The curse of God is in the houses of the ungodly; but the habitations of the just are blessed. 34 The Lord resists the proud; but he gives grace to the humble.⁠ 35 The wise shall inherit glory; but the ungodly have exalted their own dishonor.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Proverbs 3:34 and James 4:6 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 30:2

Septuagint · New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

In 1 Clement, the author backs a call to reject pride with the proverb that God resists the proud, the same saying from Proverbs 3 that James quotes for the same purpose, which suggests it was a standard text in Christian teaching on humility.

Passages

LXX Proverbs 3:34

Septuagint
29 Do not devise evil against your friend, living near you and trusting in you. 30 Do not be ready to quarrel with a man without a cause, for fear that he might do you some harm. 31 Do not bring on the reproaches of bad men, neither do you covet their ways. 32 For every transgressor is unclean before the Lord; neither does he sit among the righteous. 33 The curse of God is in the houses of the ungodly; but the habitations of the just are blessed. 34 The Lord resists the proud; but he gives grace to the humble. 35 The wise shall inherit glory; but the ungodly have exalted their own dishonor.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Proverbs

James 4:6

New Testament
4 Adulterers, do you not know that friendship with the world means hostility toward God? So whoever decides to be the world’s friend makes himself God’s enemy. 5 Or do you think the scripture means nothing when it says, “The spirit that God caused to live within us has an envious yearning”? 6 But he gives greater grace. Therefore it says, “God opposes the proud, but he gives grace to the humble.” 7 So submit to God. But resist the devil and he will flee from you. 8 Draw near to God and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and make your hearts pure, you double-minded.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 30:2

Early Christian · First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians
1 Since, then, we are the special portion of a Holy God, let us do everything that belongs to holiness, giving up slander, abominable and impure embraces, drunkenness and rioting and hateful lusts, abominable adultery, hateful pride. 2 For God, He says, resists the proud, but gives grace to those who are lowly. 3 Let us therefore be loyal to those to whom grace is given by God. Let us clothe ourselves in harmony, being humble and self-controlled, keeping ourselves far from all backbiting and slander, being justified by works and not by words. 4 For He says, “The one who says much shall hear much in return. Does the glib talker think he is righteous?”
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Clement of Rome, 1 Clement

References

“... Another strong accusation is aimed at the offenders in Corinth in 1 Clem 21:5, when they are said to be: [...] (foolish and senseless people, who exalt themselves and boast in the arrogance of their words, rather than God.) In 1 Clem 30:1 a powerful list of character traits to be strongly avoided is given, listing also: [...] (detestable pride.) Then a Scripture citation (linking Prov 3:34, Jas 4:6 and 1 Pet 5:5) is called upon in support in 1 Clem 30:2: [...] (“For God,” it says, “resists the proud, but gives grace to the humble.”) ...”
Lambert D. Jacobs, “The ‘Ethics’ of Badmouthing the Other: Vilification as Persuasive Speech Act in First Clement,” in Moral Language in the New Testament: The Interrelatedness of Language and Ethics in Early Christian Writings, ed. Ruben Zimmermann and Jan G. van der Watt (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010), 370.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Proverbs 3:34 and James 4:6 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 30:2

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