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LXX Lamentations

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 4

1 ALEPH. How will the gold be tarnished, and the fine silver changed! the sacred stones have been poured forth at the top of all the streets. 2 BETH. The precious sons of Zion, who were equaled in value with gold, how are they counted as earthen vessels, the works of the hands of the potter! 3 GIMEL. Even dragons have drawn out the breasts, they give suck to their young, the daughters of my people are incurably cruel, as a sparrow in a desert.⁠ 4 DALETH. The tongue of the sucking child clings to the roof of its mouth for thirst: the little children ask for bread, and there is none to break it to them. 5 HE. They that feed on dainties are desolate in the streets: they that used to be nursed in scarlet have clothed themselves with dung. 6 VAU. And the iniquity of the daughter of my people has been increased beyond the iniquities of Sodom, the city that was overthrown very suddenly, and none labored against her with their hands. 7 ZAIN. Her Nazarites were made purer than snow, they were whiter than milk, they were purified as with fire, their polishing was superior to sapphire stone. 8 HETH. Their face has become blacker than smoke; they are not known in the streets: their skin has clung to their bones; they are withered, they have become as a stick. 9 TETH. Those killed with the sword were better than those who were killed by hunger: they have departed, pierced through from lack of the fruits of the field. 10 JOD. The hands of tender-hearted women have boiled their own children: they became food for them in the destruction of the daughter of my people. 11 CHAPH. The Lord has accomplished his fierce anger; he has poured out fierce anger, and has kindled a fire in Zion, and it has devoured her foundations. 12 LAMED. The kings of the earth, even all that dwell in the world, did not believe that an enemy and oppressor would enter through the gates of Jerusalem. 13 MEM. For the sins of her prophets, and iniquities of her priests, who shed righteous blood in the midst of her, 14 NUN. her watchmen staggered in the streets, they were defiled with blood in their weakness, they touched their clothing with it. 15 SAMECH. Depart from the unclean ones: call them: depart, depart, do not touch them: for they are on fire, yes, they stagger: say among the nations, They shall no more stay there. 16 AIN. The presence of the Lord was their portion; but he will not again look upon them: they did not regard the person of the priests, they did not pity the elders. 17 PHE. While we yet lived our eyes failed, while we looked in vain for our help. TSADE. We looked to a nation that could not save. 18 We have hunted for our little ones, that they should not walk in our streets. KOPH. Our time has drawn near, our days are fulfilled, our time has come. 19 Our pursuers were swifter than the eagles of the sky, they flew on the mountains, in the wilderness they laid wait for us. 20 RECHS. The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the Lord, was taken in their destructive snares,⁠ of whom we said, In his shadow we shall live among the Gentiles. 21 CHSEN. Rejoice and be glad, daughter of Idumea, that dwell in the land: yet the cup of the Lord shall pass through to you: you shall be drunk, and pour forth. 22 THAU. daughter of Zion, your iniquity has come to an end; he shall no more carry you captive: he has visited your iniquities, daughter of Edom; he has revealed your sins.

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentations 4:3 and LXX Lamentations 4:3

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Lamentations contrasts compassionate jackals with the cruelty of the people, comparing them to ostriches in the wilderness. The Greek version replaces jackals with dragons and ostriches with a sparrow, reshaping the imagery.

Passages

Lamentations 4:3

Hebrew Bible
1 א (Alef) Alas! Gold has lost its luster; pure gold loses value. Jewels are scattered on every street corner. 2 ב (Bet) The precious sons of Zion were worth their weight in gold—Alas!—but now they are treated like broken clay pots, made by a potter. 3 ג (Gimel) Even the jackals nurse their young at their breast, but my people are cruel, like ostriches in the wilderness. 4 ד (Dalet) The infant’s tongue sticks to the roof of its mouth due to thirst; little children beg for bread, but no one gives them even a morsel. 5 ה (He) Those who once feasted on delicacies are now starving to death in the streets. Those who grew up wearing expensive clothes are now dying amid garbage.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

LXX Lamentations 4:3

Septuagint
1 ALEPH. How will the gold be tarnished, and the fine silver changed! the sacred stones have been poured forth at the top of all the streets. 2 BETH. The precious sons of Zion, who were equaled in value with gold, how are they counted as earthen vessels, the works of the hands of the potter! 3 GIMEL. Even dragons have drawn out the breasts, they give suck to their young, the daughters of my people are incurably cruel, as a sparrow in a desert. 4 DALETH. The tongue of the sucking child clings to the roof of its mouth for thirst: the little children ask for bread, and there is none to break it to them. 5 HE. They that feed on dainties are desolate in the streets: they that used to be nursed in scarlet have clothed themselves with dung.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Lamentations

References

"... The Greek text of the verse, in the critical edition prepared by Ziegler (2006:487), reads as follows ... This translation has both “literal” traits and marks of the translator’s initiative. Its text follows the word order of the Masoretic Text and all the clause constituents of the Hebrew consonantal text are represented in the translation ... The translator, however, did not translate all the words and phrases of the verse literally. He adjusted the number of nouns and rendered גוריהן not as the object of היניקו, but as the subject of the verb. Furthermore, the two readings δράκοντες and θυγατέρες λαοῦ μου stand out, because they differ from their opposite numbers in the Masoretic text and affect the content of the Greek version of the verse. They contribute to the fact that the meaning of LXX Lamentations 4:3 is not the same as its sense in the Masoretic Text ..."
Gideon R. Kotzé, “Daughters and Dragons in LXX Lamentations 4:3,” JNSL 40.2 (2014): 159–182.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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