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Lamentations

About this book
Chapter 4

1 א (Alef) Alas! Gold has lost its luster; pure gold loses value. Jewels are scattered on every street corner. 2 ב (Bet) The precious sons of Zion were worth their weight in gold—Alas!—but now they are treated like broken clay pots, made by a potter.⁠ 3 ג (Gimel) Even the jackals nurse their young at their breast, but my people are cruel, like ostriches in the wilderness.⁠ 4 ד (Dalet) The infant’s tongue sticks to the roof of its mouth due to thirst; little children beg for bread, but no one gives them even a morsel. 5 ה (He) Those who once feasted on delicacies are now starving to death in the streets. Those who grew up wearing expensive clothes are now dying amid garbage. 6 ו (Vav) The punishment of my people exceeds that of Sodom, which was overthrown in a moment with no one to help her.⁠ 7 ז (Zayin) Our consecrated ones were brighter than snow, whiter than milk; their bodies more ruddy than corals, their hair like lapis lazuli. 8 ח (Khet) Now their appearance is darker than soot; they are not recognized in the streets. Their skin has shriveled on their bones; it is dried up, like tree bark. 9 ט (Tet) Those who die by the sword are better off than those who die of hunger, those who waste away, struck down from lack of food. 10 י (Yod) The hands of tenderhearted women cooked their own children, who became their food, when my people were destroyed.⁠ 11 כ (Kaf) The Lord fully vented his wrath; he poured out his fierce anger. He started a fire in Zion; it consumed her foundations. 12 ל (Lamed) Neither the kings of the earth nor the people of the lands ever thought that enemy or foe could enter the gates of Jerusalem. 13 מ (Mem) But it happened due to the sins of her prophets and the iniquities of her priests, who poured out in her midst the blood of the righteous. 14 נ (Nun) They wander blindly through the streets, defiled by the blood they shed, while no one dares to touch their garments. 15 ס (Samek) People cry to them, “Turn away! You are unclean! Turn away! Turn away! Don’t touch us!”⁠ So they have fled and wander about; but the nations say, “They may not stay here any longer.” 16 פ (Pe) The Lord himself has scattered them; he no longer watches over them. They did not honor the priests; they did not show favor to the elders. 17 ע (Ayin) Our eyes continually failed us as we looked in vain for help. From our watchtowers we watched for a nation that could not rescue us. 18 צ (Tsade) Our enemies hunted us down at every step so that we could not walk about in our streets. Our end drew near, our days were numbered, for our end had come! 19 ק (Qof) Those who pursued us were swifter than eagles in the sky. They chased us over the mountains; they ambushed us in the wilderness. 20 ר (Resh) Our very life breath—the Lord’s anointed king—was caught in their traps,⁠ of whom we thought, “Under his protection we will survive among the nations.” 21 ש (Shin) Rejoice and be glad for now, O people of Edom, who reside in the land of Uz.⁠ But the cup of judgment will pass to you also; you will get drunk and take off your clothes.⁠ 22 ת (Tav) O people of Zion, your punishment will come to an end; he will not prolong your exile. But, O people of Edom, he will punish your sin and reveal your offenses!

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentations 4:3 and LXX Lamentations 4:3

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Lamentations contrasts compassionate jackals with the cruelty of the people, comparing them to ostriches in the wilderness. The Greek version replaces jackals with dragons and ostriches with a sparrow, reshaping the imagery.

Passages

Lamentations 4:3

Hebrew Bible
1 א (Alef) Alas! Gold has lost its luster; pure gold loses value. Jewels are scattered on every street corner. 2 ב (Bet) The precious sons of Zion were worth their weight in gold—Alas!—but now they are treated like broken clay pots, made by a potter. 3 ג (Gimel) Even the jackals nurse their young at their breast, but my people are cruel, like ostriches in the wilderness. 4 ד (Dalet) The infant’s tongue sticks to the roof of its mouth due to thirst; little children beg for bread, but no one gives them even a morsel. 5 ה (He) Those who once feasted on delicacies are now starving to death in the streets. Those who grew up wearing expensive clothes are now dying amid garbage.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

LXX Lamentations 4:3

Septuagint
1 ALEPH. How will the gold be tarnished, and the fine silver changed! the sacred stones have been poured forth at the top of all the streets. 2 BETH. The precious sons of Zion, who were equaled in value with gold, how are they counted as earthen vessels, the works of the hands of the potter! 3 GIMEL. Even dragons have drawn out the breasts, they give suck to their young, the daughters of my people are incurably cruel, as a sparrow in a desert. 4 DALETH. The tongue of the sucking child clings to the roof of its mouth for thirst: the little children ask for bread, and there is none to break it to them. 5 HE. They that feed on dainties are desolate in the streets: they that used to be nursed in scarlet have clothed themselves with dung.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Lamentations

References

"... The Greek text of the verse, in the critical edition prepared by Ziegler (2006:487), reads as follows ... This translation has both “literal” traits and marks of the translator’s initiative. Its text follows the word order of the Masoretic Text and all the clause constituents of the Hebrew consonantal text are represented in the translation ... The translator, however, did not translate all the words and phrases of the verse literally. He adjusted the number of nouns and rendered גוריהן not as the object of היניקו, but as the subject of the verb. Furthermore, the two readings δράκοντες and θυγατέρες λαοῦ μου stand out, because they differ from their opposite numbers in the Masoretic text and affect the content of the Greek version of the verse. They contribute to the fact that the meaning of LXX Lamentations 4:3 is not the same as its sense in the Masoretic Text ..."
Gideon R. Kotzé, “Daughters and Dragons in LXX Lamentations 4:3,” JNSL 40.2 (2014): 159–182.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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