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LXX Judges

Septuagint

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Chapter 14

1 And Samson went down to Timnah, and saw a woman in Timnah of the daughters of the Philistines. 2 And he went up and told his father and his mother, and said, I have seen a woman in Timnah of the daughters of the Philistines; and now take her to me for a wife. 3 And his father and his mother said to him, Are there no daughters of your brothers, and is there not a woman of all my people, that you go to take a wife of the uncircumcised Philistines? And Samson said to his father, Take her for me, for she is right in my eyes. 4 And his father and his mother did not know that it was of the Lord, that he sought to be revenged on the Philistines: and at that time the Philistines lorded it over Israel. 5 And Samson and his father and his mother went down to Timnah, and he came to the vineyard of Timnah; and look, a young lion roared in meeting him. 6 And the spirit of the Lord came powerfully upon him, and he crushed him as he would have crushed a kid of the goats, and there was nothing in his hands: and he did not tell his father and his mother what he had done. 7 And they went down and spoke to the woman, and she was pleasing in the eyes of Samson. 8 And after some time he returned to take her, and he turned aside to see the carcass of the lion; and look, a swarm of bees, and honey were in the mouth of the lion. 9 And he took it into his hands, and went on eating, and he went to his father and his mother, and gave to them, and they ate; but he did not tell them that he took the honey out of the mouth of the lion. 10 And his father went down to the woman, and Samson made there a banquet for seven days, for so the young men are accustomed to do. 11 And it happened when they saw him, that they took thirty guests, and they were with him. 12 And Samson said to them, I propound to you a riddle: if you will indeed tell it to me, and discover it within the seven days of the feast, I will give you thirty sheets and thirty changes of clothing. 13 And if you cannot tell it to me, you shall give me thirty napkins and thirty changes of clothing: and they said to him, Propound your riddle, and we will hear it. 14 And he said to them, Food came forth from the eater, and sweetness out of the strong: and they could not tell the riddle for three days. 15 And it happened on the fourth day, that they said to the wife of Samson, Deceive now your husband, and let him tell you the riddle, for fear that we might burn you and your father's house with fire: did you invite us to do us violence? 16 And Samson's wife wept before him, and said, You only hate me, and do not love me; for the riddle which you have propounded to the children of my people you have not told me: and Samson said to her, If I have not told it to my father and my mother, shall I tell it to you? 17 And she wept before him the seven days, during which their banquet lasted: and it happened on the seventh day, that he told her, because she troubled him; and she told it to the children of her people. 18 And the men of the city said to him on the seventh day, before sunrise,⁠ What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? and Samson said to them, If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have known my riddle. 19 And the Spirit of the Lord came upon him powerfully, and he went down to Ashkelon, and destroyed of the inhabitants thirty men, and took their garments, and gave the changes of clothing to those who told the riddle; and Samson was very angry, and went up to the house of his father. 20 And the wife of Samson was given to one of his friends, with whom he was on terms of friendship.

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Compare Judges 14:18 and LXX Judges 14:18

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Judges, the townsmen answer Samson’s riddle on the seventh day before the sun sets. The Greek Septuagint reads the rare Hebrew word for sun differently and has them answer before the sun rose, moving the scene from dusk to dawn.

Passages

Judges 14:18

Hebrew Bible
17 She cried on his shoulder until the party was almost over. Finally, on the seventh day, he told her because she had nagged him so much. Then she told the young men the solution to the riddle. 18 On the seventh day, before the sun set, the men of the city said to him, “What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?” He said to them, “If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have solved my riddle!” 19 The Lord’s Spirit empowered him. He went down to Ashkelon and killed 30 men. He took their clothes and gave them to the men who had solved the riddle. He was furious as he went back home.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges

LXX Judges 14:18

Septuagint
17 And she wept before him the seven days, during which their banquet lasted: and it happened on the seventh day, that he told her, because she troubled him; and she told it to the children of her people. 18 And the men of the city said to him on the seventh day, before sunrise, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? and Samson said to them, If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have known my riddle. 19 And the Spirit of the Lord came upon him powerfully, and he went down to Ashkelon, and destroyed of the inhabitants thirty men, and took their garments, and gave the changes of clothing to those who told the riddle; and Samson was very angry, and went up to the house of his father.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Judges

References

“... The phrase בְּטֶרֶם יָבֹא הַחַרְסָה, “before the sun went down”, is uncommon (which may explain the translation in the Septuagint [B] with “before the sun rose”). Especially the use of חֶרֶס designating the sun is remarkable. Many commentators (following Stade 1884, 253–254; compare also BHS and HAL) propose to replace it by הַחַדְרָה, “her room”, which is also mentioned in 15:1. This would make things even more dramatic: just before Samson would consummate the marriage the men would have spoiled the party. One can also think, however, of good reasons why the author would have used this word. It may have been inspired by the reference to the town of Mount Heres, which was mentioned in 1:35 as part of the Danite territory. Even more interesting is assonance with the verb חרשׁ, “to plough”, used by Samson in his reaction to the given solution ...”
Klaas Spronk, Judges, ed. Gert T. M. Prinsloo Cornelis Houtman Wilfred G. E. Watson (Leuven: Peeters, 2019), 422.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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