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Judges

About this book
Chapter 14

1 Samson went down to Timnah, where a Philistine girl caught his eye. 2 When he got home, he told his father and mother, “A Philistine girl in Timnah has caught my eye. Now get her for my wife.” 3 But his father and mother said to him, “Certainly you can find a wife among your relatives or among all our people! You should not have to go and get a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines.” But Samson said to his father, “Get her for me because she is the right one for me.” 4 Now his father and mother did not realize this was the Lord’s doing because he was looking for an opportunity to stir up trouble with the Philistines (for at that time the Philistines were ruling Israel). 5 Samson went down to Timnah. When he approached the vineyards of Timnah, he saw a roaring young lion attacking him. 6 The Lord’s Spirit empowered him, and he tore the lion in two with his bare hands as easily as one would tear a young goat. But he did not tell his father or mother what he had done. 7 Samson continued on down to Timnah and spoke to the girl. In his opinion, she was just the right one. 8 Sometime later, when he went back to marry her, he turned aside to see the lion’s remains. He saw a swarm of bees in the lion’s carcass, as well as some honey.⁠ 9 He scooped it up with his hands and ate it as he walked along. When he returned to his father and mother, he offered them some and they ate it. But he did not tell them he had scooped the honey out of the lion’s carcass. 10 Then Samson’s father accompanied him to Timnah for the marriage. Samson hosted a party there, for this was customary for bridegrooms to do.⁠ 11 When the Philistines saw he had no attendants, they gave him 30 groomsmen who kept him company. 12 Samson said to them, “I will give you a riddle. If you really can solve it during the seven days the party lasts, I will give you 30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes. 13 But if you cannot solve it, you will give me 30 linen robes and 30 sets of clothes.” They said to him, “Let us hear your riddle.” 14 He said to them, “Out of the one who eats came something to eat; out of the strong one came something sweet.” They could not solve the riddle for three days. 15 On the fourth day they said to Samson’s bride, “Trick your husband into giving the solution to the riddle. If you refuse, we will burn up you and your father’s family. Did you invite us here to make us poor?” 16 So Samson’s bride cried on his shoulder and said, “You must hate me; you do not love me! You told the young men a riddle, but you have not told me the solution.” He said to her, “Look, I have not even told my father or mother. Do you really expect me to tell you?” 17 She cried on his shoulder until the party was almost over. Finally, on the seventh day, he told her because she had nagged him so much. Then she told the young men the solution to the riddle. 18 On the seventh day, before the sun set,⁠ the men of the city said to him, “What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?” He said to them, “If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have solved my riddle!” 19 The Lord’s Spirit empowered him. He went down to Ashkelon and killed 30 men. He took their clothes and gave them to the men who had solved the riddle. He was furious as he went back home. 20 Samson’s bride was then given to his best man.

Texts in conversation

Compare Judges 14:18 and LXX Judges 14:18

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

In the Hebrew version of Judges, the townsmen answer Samson’s riddle on the seventh day before the sun sets. The Greek Septuagint reads the rare Hebrew word for sun differently and has them answer before the sun rose, moving the scene from dusk to dawn.

Passages

Judges 14:18

Hebrew Bible
17 She cried on his shoulder until the party was almost over. Finally, on the seventh day, he told her because she had nagged him so much. Then she told the young men the solution to the riddle. 18 On the seventh day, before the sun set, the men of the city said to him, “What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?” He said to them, “If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have solved my riddle!” 19 The Lord’s Spirit empowered him. He went down to Ashkelon and killed 30 men. He took their clothes and gave them to the men who had solved the riddle. He was furious as he went back home.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges

LXX Judges 14:18

Septuagint
17 And she wept before him the seven days, during which their banquet lasted: and it happened on the seventh day, that he told her, because she troubled him; and she told it to the children of her people. 18 And the men of the city said to him on the seventh day, before sunrise, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? and Samson said to them, If you had not plowed with my heifer, you would not have known my riddle. 19 And the Spirit of the Lord came upon him powerfully, and he went down to Ashkelon, and destroyed of the inhabitants thirty men, and took their garments, and gave the changes of clothing to those who told the riddle; and Samson was very angry, and went up to the house of his father.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Judges

References

“... The phrase בְּטֶרֶם יָבֹא הַחַרְסָה, “before the sun went down”, is uncommon (which may explain the translation in the Septuagint [B] with “before the sun rose”). Especially the use of חֶרֶס designating the sun is remarkable. Many commentators (following Stade 1884, 253–254; compare also BHS and HAL) propose to replace it by הַחַדְרָה, “her room”, which is also mentioned in 15:1. This would make things even more dramatic: just before Samson would consummate the marriage the men would have spoiled the party. One can also think, however, of good reasons why the author would have used this word. It may have been inspired by the reference to the town of Mount Heres, which was mentioned in 1:35 as part of the Danite territory. Even more interesting is assonance with the verb חרשׁ, “to plough”, used by Samson in his reaction to the given solution ...”
Klaas Spronk, Judges, ed. Gert T. M. Prinsloo Cornelis Houtman Wilfred G. E. Watson (Leuven: Peeters, 2019), 422.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Judges 14:18 and LXX Judges 14:18

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