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LXX Isaiah

Septuagint

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Chapter 59

1 Has the hand of the Lord no power to save? or has he made his ear heavy, so that he should not hear? 2 But your iniquities separate between you and God, and because of your sins he has turned away his face from you, so as not to have mercy upon you.⁠ 3 For your hands are defiled with blood, and your fingers with sins; your lips also have spoken iniquity, and your tongue meditates unrighteousness. 4 None speaks justly, neither is there true judgment: they trust in vanities, and speak empty words; for they conceive trouble, and bring forth iniquity. 5 They have hatched asps' eggs, and weave a spider's web: and he that is going to eat of their eggs, having crushed an addled egg, has found also in it a basilisk. 6 Their web shall not become a garment, nor shall they at all clothe themselves with their works; for their works are works of iniquity. 7 And their feet run to wickedness, swift to shed blood; their thoughts also are thoughts of fools; destruction and misery are in their ways; 8 and the way of peace they do not know, neither is there judgment in their ways; for their paths by which they go are crooked, and they do not know peace. 9 Therefore has judgment departed from them, and righteousness shall not overtake them: while they waited for light, darkness came upon them; while they waited for brightness, they walked in perplexity. 10 They shall feel for the wall as blind men, and shall feel for it as if they had no eyes: and they shall fall at noon-day as at midnight; they shall groan as dying men. 11 They shall proceed together as a bear and as a dove: we have waited for judgment, and there is no salvation, it is gone far from us. 12 For our iniquity is great before you, and our sins have risen up against us: for our iniquities are in us, and we know our unrighteous deeds. 13 We have been ungodly, and lied,⁠ and turned away from following our God: we have spoken unrighteous words, and have been disobedient; we have conceived and uttered from our heart unrighteous words. 14 And we have turned judgment back, and righteousness has departed afar off: for truth is consumed in their ways, and they could not pass by a straight path. 15 And truth has been taken away, and they have turned aside their mind from understanding. And the Lord saw it, and it did not please him that there was no judgment. 16 And he looked, and there was no man, and he observed, and there was none to help: so he defended them with his arm, and established them with his mercy. 17 And he put on righteousness as a breast-plate, and placed the helmet of salvation on his head;⁠ and he clothed himself with the garment of vengeance, and with his cloak, 18 as one about to render a payment, even reproach to his adversaries. 19 So they will of the west fear the name of the Lord, and they that come from the rising of the sun his glorious name: for the fierce anger of the Lord shall come as a mighty river, it shall come with fury. 20 And the deliverer shall come for Zion's sake, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob.⁠ 21 And this shall be my covenant with them, said the Lord; My Spirit which is upon you, and the words which I have put in your mouth, shall never fail from your mouth, nor from the mouth of your seed, for the Lord has spoken it, from now on and for ever.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Isaiah 59:17 and Ephesians 6:13

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Isaiah describes God wearing righteousness and salvation as his armor, preparing for battle. Ephesians reshapes this language, following Jewish traditions such as in the Wisdom of Solomon that teaches believers to wear these virtues themselves.

Passages

LXX Isaiah 59:17

Septuagint
14 And we have turned judgment back, and righteousness has departed afar off: for truth is consumed in their ways, and they could not pass by a straight path. 15 And truth has been taken away, and they have turned aside their mind from understanding. And the Lord saw it, and it did not please him that there was no judgment. 16 And he looked, and there was no man, and he observed, and there was none to help: so he defended them with his arm, and established them with his mercy. 17 And he put on righteousness as a breast-plate, and placed the helmet of salvation on his head; and he clothed himself with the garment of vengeance, and with his cloak, 18 as one about to render a payment, even reproach to his adversaries.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Isaiah

Ephesians 6:13

New Testament
10 Finally, be strengthened in the Lord and in the strength of his power. 11 Clothe yourselves with the full armor of God, so that you will be able to stand against the schemes of the devil. 12 For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the powers, against the world rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavens. 13 For this reason, take up the full armor of God so that you may be able to stand your ground on the evil day, and having done everything, to stand. 14 Stand firm therefore, by fastening the belt of truth around your waist, by putting on the breastplate of righteousness, 15 by fitting your feet with the preparation that comes from the good news of peace, 16 and in all of this, by taking up the shield of faith with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. 17 And take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit (which is the word of God).
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ephesians

References

"... It is interesting that we find the use of a bit of this imagery applied to ordinary Christian believers in Ephesians 6:13–17 where it is called the armor of God. Much more needs to be said however because in fact there is an abundant use of Isaiah in Ephesians, including in this passage (compare Isaiah 59:17; 52:7), and furthermore, as Frank Thielman says, it would appear that Paul is not drawing directly on Isaiah here, but rather Isaiah as filtered through and used in later Jewish literature. For example, the author of Wisdom of Solomon speaks of the Lord fighting his enemies by taking zeal as his whole armor and putting on righteousness as a breastplate, impartial justice as a helmet, holiness as an invincible shield, and wrath for a sword (Wisdom of Solomon 5:18–20). On one point Paul is closer to Isaiah than to Wisdom of Solomon, namely connecting salvation with the helmet (Isaiah 59:17; Ephesians 6:17) but mostly he is closer to Wisdom of Solomon in his use of these images ..."
Ben Witherington III, Isaiah Old and New: Exegesis, Intertextuality, and Hermeneutics (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2017), 111.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Isaiah 59:17 and Ephesians 6:13

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