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LXX Genesis

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 21

1 And the Lord visited Sarah, as he said, and the Lord did to Sarah, as he spoke. 2 And she conceived and bore to Abraham a son in old age, at the set time according as the Lord spoke to him. 3 And Abraham called the name of his son that was born to him, whom Sarah bore to him, Isaac. 4 And Abraham circumcised Isaac on the eighth day, as God commanded him. 5 And Abraham was one hundred years old when Isaac his son was born to him. 6 And Sarah said, The Lord has made laughter for me, for whoever shall hear⁠ shall rejoice with me. 7 And she said, Who shall say to Abraham that Sarah suckles a child? for I have borne a son in my old age. 8 And the child grew and was weaned, and Abraham made a great feast the day that his son Isaac was weaned. 9 And Sarah having seen the son of Hagar the Egyptian who was born to Abraham,⁠ sporting with Isaac her son, 10 then she said to Abraham, Cast out this enslaved woman and her son, for the son of this enslaved woman shall not inherit with my son Isaac. 11 But the word appeared very hard before Abraham concerning his son. 12 But God said to Abraham, Let it not be hard before you concerning the child, and concerning the enslaved woman; in all things whatever Sarah shall say to you, hear her voice, for in Isaac shall your seed be called. 13 And moreover I will make the son of this enslaved woman a great nation, because he is your seed. 14 And Abraham rose up in the morning and took loaves and a skin of water, and gave them to Hagar, and he put the child on her shoulder, and sent her away, and she having departed wandered in the wilderness near the well of the oath. 15 And the water failed out of the skin, and she cast the child under a fir tree. 16 And she departed and sat down opposite him at a distance, as it were a bow-shot, for she said, Surely I can’t see the death of my child: and she sat opposite him, and the child cried aloud and wept.⁠ 17 And God heard the voice of the child from the place where he was, and an angel of God called Hagar out of heaven, and said to her, What is it, Hagar? do not fear, for God has heard the voice of your child from the place where he is. 18 Rise up, and take the child, and hold him in your hand, for I will make him a great nation. 19 And God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of springing water; and she went and filled the skin with water, and gave the child drink. 20 And God was with the child, and he grew and lived in the wilderness, and became an archer. 21 And he lived in the wilderness of Paran, and his mother took him a wife out of the land of Egypt. 22 And it happened at that time that Abimelech spoke, and Ahuzzath his friend, and Phicol the chief captain of his host, to Abraham, saying, God is with you in all things, whatever you may do. 23 Now therefore swear to me by God that you will not injure me, nor my seed, nor my name, but according to the righteousness which I have performed with you you shall deal with me, and with the land in which you have stayed. 24 And Abraham said, I will swear. 25 And Abraham reproved Abimelech because of the wells of water, which the servants of Abimelech took away. 26 And Abimelech said to him, I do not know who has done this thing to you, neither did you tell it to me, neither did I hear it but only today. 27 And Abraham took sheep and calves, and gave them to Abimelech, and both made a covenant. 28 And Abraham set seven ewe-lambs by themselves. 29 And Abimelech said to Abraham, What are these seven ewe-lambs which you have set alone? 30 And Abraham said, You shall receive the seven ewe-lambs from me, that they may be for me as a witness, that I dug this well. 31 Therefore he named the name of that place, The Well of the Oath, for there they both swore. 32 And they made a covenant at the well of the oath. And there rose up Abimelech, Ahuzzath his friend, and Phicol the commander-in-chief of his army, and they returned to the land of the Philistines. 33 And Abraham planted a field at the well of the oath, and called there on the name of the Lord, the everlasting God. 34 And Abraham stayed in the land of the Philistines many days.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 21:9 and LXX Genesis 21:9 and Jubilees 17:4

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Genesis 21 describes Ishmael mocking Isaac, but the Greek Septuagint and Jubilees portray him as playing or dancing with Isaac. The Septuagint may preserve the original version while the Masoretic text may reflect a corruption in how it was copied.

Passages

Genesis 21:9

Hebrew Bible
8 The child grew and was weaned. Abraham prepared a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned. 9 But Sarah noticed the son of Hagar the Egyptian—the son whom Hagar had borne to Abraham—mocking. 10 So she said to Abraham, “Banish that slave woman and her son, for the son of that slave woman will not be an heir along with my son Isaac!”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

LXX Genesis 21:9

Septuagint
8 And the child grew and was weaned, and Abraham made a great feast the day that his son Isaac was weaned. 9 And Sarah having seen the son of Hagar the Egyptian who was born to Abraham, sporting with Isaac her son, 10 then she said to Abraham, Cast out this enslaved woman and her son, for the son of this enslaved woman shall not inherit with my son Isaac.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

Jubilees 17:4

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
3 And he remembered the words which He had spoken to him on the day on which Lot had separated from him, and he rejoiced because the Lord had given him descendants upon the earth to inherit the earth, and he wholeheartedly blessed the Creator of all things. 4 And Sarah saw Ishmael playing and dancing, and Abraham rejoicing with great joy, and she became jealous of Ishmael and said to Abraham, 'Send away this enslaved woman and her son; for the son of this enslaved woman will not be heir with my son, Isaac.'
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

"... Jubilees 17:4a reads: “Sarah saw Ishmael playing and dancing.” apart from the rendering of 'the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham,' with the proper name 'Ishmael,' there is an addition at the end: 'and dancing.' The Latin text of Jubilees instead reads 'with Isaac.' It is possible that the Hebrew מצחק ('playing') is the basis for the first verb in the Ethiopic text of Jubilees 17:9a. The second verb was a corruption ... Charles thus considered the Masoretic text of Genesis 21:9a defective, the Septuagint of Genesis 21:9a representing the more original text. According to Vander Kam, it could be true that the combination of a preposition and a name was misread at some point as a verb. At the same time, the Latin version of Jubilees may have been influenced by the Septuagint tradition later on in the textual transmission of Jubilees. Finally, it may not be irrelevant that the Greek verb παίζω could mean both 'to play' and 'to dance.' perhaps one should also add that the proper name Isaac and the verb 'to play' have the same root ..."
Jacques T. A. G. M. van Ruiten, Abraham in the Book of Jubilees: The Rewriting of Genesis 11:26–25:10 in the Book of Jubilees 11:14–23:8, JSJSup 161 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 201.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 21:9 and LXX Genesis 21:9 and Jubilees 17:4

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