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LXX Ezekiel

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 1

1 Now it happened in the thirtieth year, in the fourth month, on the fifth day of the month, that I was in the midst of the captivity by the river of Chebar; and the heavens were opened, and I saw visions of God. 2 On the fifth day of the month; this was the fifth year of the captivity of king Jehoiakim. 3 And the word of the Lord came to Ezekiel the priest, the son of Buzi, in the land of the Chaldeans, by the river of Chebar; and the hand of the Lord was upon me. 4 And I looked, and, look, a sweeping wind came from the north, and a great cloud on it, and there was brightness all around it, and gleaming fire, and in the midst of it as it were the appearance of amber in the midst of the fire, and brightness in it. 5 And in the midst as it were the likeness of four living creatures. And this was their appearance; the likeness of a man was upon them. 6 And each one had four faces, and each one had four wings. 7 And their legs were straight;⁠ and their feet were winged, and there were sparks, like gleaming brass, and their wings were light. 8 And the hand of a man was under their wings on their four sides, and the faces of the four of them. 9 They did not turn when they went; they went each one straight forward. 10 And the likeness of their faces was the face of a man, and the face of a lion on the right of the four; and the face of a calf on the left of the four; and the face of an eagle to the four. 11 And the four had their wings spread out above; each one had two joined to one another, and two covered their bodies. 12 And each one went straight forward: wherever the spirit was going they went, and did not turn back. 13 And in the midst of the living creatures there was an appearance as of burning coals of fire, as an appearance of lamps turning among the living creatures; and the brightness of fire, and out of the fire came forth lightning. 14  15 And I looked, and, look, the four had each one wheel on the ground near the living creatures. 16 And the appearance of the wheels was as the appearance of beryl: and the four had one likeness: and their work was as it were a wheel in a wheel. 17 They went on their four sides: they did not turn as they went; 18 neither did their backs turn: and they were high: and I saw them, and the backs of the four were full of eyes all around. 19 And when the living creatures went, the wheels went by them: and when the living creatures lifted themselves off the earth, the wheels were lifted off. 20 Wherever the cloud happened to be, there was the spirit ready to go: the living creatures went, and the wheels, and were lifted up with them; because the spirit of life was in the wheels. 21 When those went, the wheels went; and when those stood, the wheels stood; and when those lifted themselves off the earth, they were lifted off with them: for the spirit of life was in the wheels. 22 And the likeness over the heads of the living creatures was as a firmament, as the appearance of crystal, spread out over their wings above.⁠ 23 And their wings were spread out under the firmament, reaching one to the other; two wings to each, covering their bodies. 24 And I heard the sound of their wings when they went, as the sound of much water: and when they stood, their wings were let down. 25 And look! a voice from above the firmament that was over their head. 26 There was as the appearance of a sapphire stone, and the likeness of a throne upon it: and upon the likeness of the throne was the likeness as an appearance of a man above. 27 And I saw as it were the resemblance of amber from the appearance of the waist and upwards, and from the appearance of the waist and under I saw an appearance of fire, and the brightness of it all around. 28 As the appearance of the bow when it is in the cloud in days of rain, so was the form of brightness all around. This was the appearance of the likeness of the glory of the Lord. And I saw and fell upon my face, and heard the voice of one speaking.

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Compare Ezekiel 1:7 and LXX Ezekiel 1:7

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Ezekiel describes divine beings with feet like a calf, a detail that the Greek Septuagint translation removed because it had developed a negative meaning and may have reminded the translator of the golden calf in Exodus.

Passages

Ezekiel 1:7

Hebrew Bible
5 In the fire were what looked like four living beings. In their appearance they had human form, 6 but each had four faces and four wings. 7 Their legs were straight, but the soles of their feet were like calves’ feet. They gleamed like polished bronze. 8 They had human hands under their wings on their four sides. As for the faces and wings of the four of them, 9 their wings touched each other; they did not turn as they moved, but went straight ahead.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

LXX Ezekiel 1:7

Septuagint
5 And in the midst as it were the likeness of four living creatures. And this was their appearance; the likeness of a man was upon them. 6 And each one had four faces, and each one had four wings. 7 And their legs were straight; and their feet were winged, and there were sparks, like gleaming brass, and their wings were light. 8 And the hand of a man was under their wings on their four sides, and the faces of the four of them. 9 They did not turn when they went; they went each one straight forward.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Ezekiel

References

"... given the profoundly sinister connotations of the 'calf' for ancient Jewish expositors, we may wonder if the deletion of the word egel, and the reading of kap as if it were kanap, was not deliberate. For the 'calf' was the archetype of the idolatry into which Israel had fallen (Exodus 32); and the suggestion of Ezekiel 1:7 (and, to a lesser extent, verse 10), that a token of it was perpetually in the divine presence, verged on the intolerable ..."
David J. Halperin, “Merkabah Midrash in the Septuagint,” JBL 101.3 (1982): 351–363.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ezekiel 1:7 and LXX Ezekiel 1:7

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