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LXX Exodus

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 4

1 And Moses answered and said, If they do not believe me, and do not listen to my voice (for they will say, God has not appeared to you), what shall I say to them? 2 And the Lord said to him, What is this thing that is in your hand? and he said, A rod. 3 And he said, Cast it on the ground: and he cast it on the ground, and it became a serpent, and Moses fled from it. 4 And the Lord said to Moses, Stretch forth your hand, and take hold of its tail: so he stretched forth his hand and took hold of the tail, and it became a rod in his hand, 5 that they may believe you, that the Lord God of their fathers has appeared to you, the God of Abraham, and God of Isaac, and God of Jacob. 6 And the Lord said again to him, Put your hand into your bosom; and he put his hand into his bosom, and brought his hand out of his bosom, and his hand became as snow. 7 And he said again, Put your hand into your bosom; and he put his hand into his bosom, and brought his hand out of his bosom, and it was again restored to the complexion of his other flesh. 8 And if they will not believe you, nor listen to the voice of the first sign, they will believe you because of the voice of the second sign. 9 And it will happen if they will not believe you for these two signs, and will not listen to your voice, that you shall take of the water of the river and pour it upon the dry land, and the water which you shall take from the river shall be blood upon the dry land. 10 And Moses said to the Lord, I pray, Lord, I have not been sufficient in former times, neither from the time that you have begun to speak to your servant: I am thin of voice, and slow-tongued.⁠ 11 And the Lord said to Moses, Who has given a mouth to man, and who has made the very hard of hearing, and the deaf, the seeing and the blind? have not I, God? 12 And now go and I will open your mouth, and will instruct you in what you shall say. 13 And Moses said, Please, Lord, appoint another able person whom you shall send. 14 And the Lord was greatly angered against Moses, and said, Look! is not Aaron the Levite your brother? I know that he will surely speak to you; and, look, he will come forth to meet you, and seeing you he will rejoice within himself. 15 And you shall speak to him; and you shall put my words into his mouth, and I will open your mouth and his mouth, and I will instruct you in what you shall do. 16 And he shall speak for you to the people, and he shall be your mouth, and you shall be for him in things pertaining to God. 17 And this rod that was turned into a serpent you shall take in your hand, with which you shall work miracles. 18 And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and says, I will go and return to my brothers in Egypt, and will see if they are yet living. And Jethro said to Moses, Go in health. 19 And in those days after some time, the king of Egypt died. And the Lord said to Moses in Midian, Go, depart into Egypt, for all that sought your life are dead. 20 And Moses took his wife and his children, and mounted them on the beasts,⁠ and returned to Egypt; and Moses took the rod which he had from God in his hand. 21 And the Lord said to Moses, When you go and return to Egypt, see, all the miracles I have charged you with, you shall work before Pharaoh: and I will harden his heart, and he shall certainly not send away the people. 22 And you shall say to Pharaoh, These things says the Lord, Israel is my firstborn. 23 And I said to you, Send away my people, that they may serve me: now if you will not send them away, see, I will kill your firstborn son. 24 And it happened that the angel of the Lord met him⁠ by the way in the inn, and sought to kill him.⁠ 25 and Zipporah having taken a stone cut off the foreskin of her son, and fell at his feet and said, The blood of the circumcision of my son is staunched: 26 and he departed from him, because she said, The blood of the circumcision of my son is staunched. 27 And the Lord said to Aaron, Go into the wilderness to meet Moses; and he went and met him in the mount of God, and they kissed each other. 28 And Moses reported to Aaron all the words of the Lord, which he sent, and all the signs which he charged him. 29 And Moses and Aaron went and gathered the elders of the children of Israel. 30 And Aaron spoke all these words, which God spoke to Moses, and performed the miracles before the people. 31 and the people believed and rejoiced, because God visited the children of Israel, and because he saw their affliction: and the people bowed and worshiped.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Exodus 4:24 and Barnabas 9:3

Septuagint · Early Christian

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Summary

The epistle of Barnabas uses the Greek translation of Exodus 4, where an angel tries to kill Moses, but his wife stops it through circumcision. Barnabas interprets it to claim circumcision originated with an evil angel and criticize the practice.

Passages

LXX Exodus 4:24

Septuagint
24 And it happened that the angel of the Lord met him by the way in the inn, and sought to kill him. 25 and Zipporah having taken a stone cut off the foreskin of her son, and fell at his feet and said, The blood of the circumcision of my son is staunched: 26 and he departed from him, because she said, The blood of the circumcision of my son is staunched. 27 And the Lord said to Aaron, Go into the wilderness to meet Moses; and he went and met him in the mount of God, and they kissed each other.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Exodus

Barnabas 9:3

Early Christian · Epistle of Barnabas
3 Moreover, the circumcision in which they trust has been abolished, for He said there must be a circumcision of the heart rather than of the flesh. But they violated this because a wicked angel taught them trickery. 4 He says to them: ‘This is what the Lord your God says (this is the command I discover): Sow not among thorns; be circumcised to the Lord.’ And what does He say? ‘Be circumcised in the hardness of your hearts, and then do not stiffen your necks.’ Take this further: ‘Look,’ says the Lord, ‘all the nations are uncircumcised in the flesh, but this people is uncircumcised in their hearts.’
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Barnabas

References

"... Barnabas’s claim that the Jewish practice of circumcision was the result of an evil angel’s deception sounds shockingly harsh. While other early Jewish and early Christian texts describe demons as dishonest and find fault in the law, finding the origins of physical circumcision in demonic enlightenment is extreme. After all, even the Pauline understanding that circumcision was unnecessary for salvation but could still be practiced by Jewish believers was controversial in the first century ... Barnabas is surprising because it is harsher than what is found in other early Jewish and early Christian literature and because it is more severe than what Barnabas says about other Jewish customs elsewhere in the letter. This harshness suggests that the practice of circumcision may have continued to be a practice in and around the community that Barnabas was addressing ..."
Jonathon Lookadoo, The Epistle of Barnabas: A Commentary, Apostolic Fathers Commentary Series (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2022), 220–221.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Exodus 4:24 and Barnabas 9:3

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