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LXX Exodus

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 4

1 And Moses answered and said, If they do not believe me, and do not listen to my voice (for they will say, God has not appeared to you), what shall I say to them? 2 And the Lord said to him, What is this thing that is in your hand? and he said, A rod. 3 And he said, Cast it on the ground: and he cast it on the ground, and it became a serpent, and Moses fled from it. 4 And the Lord said to Moses, Stretch forth your hand, and take hold of its tail: so he stretched forth his hand and took hold of the tail, and it became a rod in his hand, 5 that they may believe you, that the Lord God of their fathers has appeared to you, the God of Abraham, and God of Isaac, and God of Jacob. 6 And the Lord said again to him, Put your hand into your bosom; and he put his hand into his bosom, and brought his hand out of his bosom, and his hand became as snow. 7 And he said again, Put your hand into your bosom; and he put his hand into his bosom, and brought his hand out of his bosom, and it was again restored to the complexion of his other flesh. 8 And if they will not believe you, nor listen to the voice of the first sign, they will believe you because of the voice of the second sign. 9 And it will happen if they will not believe you for these two signs, and will not listen to your voice, that you shall take of the water of the river and pour it upon the dry land, and the water which you shall take from the river shall be blood upon the dry land. 10 And Moses said to the Lord, I pray, Lord, I have not been sufficient in former times, neither from the time that you have begun to speak to your servant: I am thin of voice, and slow-tongued.⁠ 11 And the Lord said to Moses, Who has given a mouth to man, and who has made the very hard of hearing, and the deaf, the seeing and the blind? have not I, God? 12 And now go and I will open your mouth, and will instruct you in what you shall say. 13 And Moses said, Please, Lord, appoint another able person whom you shall send. 14 And the Lord was greatly angered against Moses, and said, Look! is not Aaron the Levite your brother? I know that he will surely speak to you; and, look, he will come forth to meet you, and seeing you he will rejoice within himself. 15 And you shall speak to him; and you shall put my words into his mouth, and I will open your mouth and his mouth, and I will instruct you in what you shall do. 16 And he shall speak for you to the people, and he shall be your mouth, and you shall be for him in things pertaining to God. 17 And this rod that was turned into a serpent you shall take in your hand, with which you shall work miracles. 18 And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and says, I will go and return to my brothers in Egypt, and will see if they are yet living. And Jethro said to Moses, Go in health. 19 And in those days after some time, the king of Egypt died. And the Lord said to Moses in Midian, Go, depart into Egypt, for all that sought your life are dead. 20 And Moses took his wife and his children, and mounted them on the beasts,⁠ and returned to Egypt; and Moses took the rod which he had from God in his hand. 21 And the Lord said to Moses, When you go and return to Egypt, see, all the miracles I have charged you with, you shall work before Pharaoh: and I will harden his heart, and he shall certainly not send away the people. 22 And you shall say to Pharaoh, These things says the Lord, Israel is my firstborn. 23 And I said to you, Send away my people, that they may serve me: now if you will not send them away, see, I will kill your firstborn son. 24 And it happened that the angel of the Lord met him⁠ by the way in the inn, and sought to kill him.⁠ 25 and Zipporah having taken a stone cut off the foreskin of her son, and fell at his feet and said, The blood of the circumcision of my son is staunched: 26 and he departed from him, because she said, The blood of the circumcision of my son is staunched. 27 And the Lord said to Aaron, Go into the wilderness to meet Moses; and he went and met him in the mount of God, and they kissed each other. 28 And Moses reported to Aaron all the words of the Lord, which he sent, and all the signs which he charged him. 29 And Moses and Aaron went and gathered the elders of the children of Israel. 30 And Aaron spoke all these words, which God spoke to Moses, and performed the miracles before the people. 31 and the people believed and rejoiced, because God visited the children of Israel, and because he saw their affliction: and the people bowed and worshiped.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Exodus 4:24 and 1 Corinthians 10:10

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Multiple ancient translations of Exodus 4, including the Septuagint, replace God with an intermediary who threatens Moses, calling it a destroyer or angel of death. Paul follows this same interpretive tradition in 1 Corinthians 10.

Passages

LXX Exodus 4:24

Septuagint
22 And you shall say to Pharaoh, These things says the Lord, Israel is my firstborn. 23 And I said to you, Send away my people, that they may serve me: now if you will not send them away, see, I will kill your firstborn son. 24 And it happened that the angel of the Lord met him by the way in the inn, and sought to kill him. 25 and Zipporah having taken a stone cut off the foreskin of her son, and fell at his feet and said, The blood of the circumcision of my son is staunched: 26 and he departed from him, because she said, The blood of the circumcision of my son is staunched. 27 And the Lord said to Aaron, Go into the wilderness to meet Moses; and he went and met him in the mount of God, and they kissed each other.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Exodus

1 Corinthians 10:10

New Testament
7 So do not be idolaters, as some of them were. As it is written, “The people sat down to eat and drink and rose up to play.” 8 And let us not be immoral, as some of them were, and 23,000 died in a single day. 9 And let us not put Christ to the test, as some of them did, and were destroyed by snakes. 10 And do not complain, as some of them did, and were killed by the destroying angel. 11 These things happened to them as examples and were written for our instruction, on whom the ends of the ages have come. 12 So let the one who thinks he is standing be careful that he does not fall. 13 No trial has overtaken you that is not faced by others. And God is faithful: He will not let you be tried beyond what you are able to bear, but with the trial will also provide a way out so that you may be able to endure it.
55–57 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Corinthians

References

"... The Septuagint identifies the attacker as an angel of the Lord instead of the Lord himself, since “It could not be accepted that the Lord in person would threaten the life of any man, and particularly not the life of his elect.” The Septuagint also has Zipporah fall at the feet of the angel and say, “The blood of the circumcision of my son has stood,” rather than making a statement about a bridegroom of blood; verse 26 specifies that it was because she said this that the angel left. The Armenian version reads, “Behold the blood of the circumcision of my son,” and the Ethiopic version has “May the blood of the circumcision of my son be in his place.” All three of these versions emphasize the sacrificial aspect of this circumcision: Moses is saved by his son’s blood. Targum Onkelos agrees with the Septuagint in verse 24. In verse 25, Zipporah says, “May my husband be given to us by the blood of this circumcision,” which is a similar interpretation to that of the Septuagint. Then, in verse 26, she says, “Were it not for the blood of this circumcision, my husband had merited execution.” Thus this Targum offers two interpretations of the phrase “bridegroom of blood,” the first being the sacrificial interpretation found in the Septuagint and the second being the possibility of the shedding of her husband’s blood. In Fragmentary Targum and Codex Neofiti, the attacker is identified as the “Destroyer,” the “Angel of Death,” and the reason for Zipporah’s son’s state of uncircumcision is that Jethro did not allow Moses to circumcise him ..."
Laura Mary Elizabeth Hare, The Transformation of Moses: An Exegetical Study of Exodus 4:24-26 (Knox College, 2013), 4–5.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Exodus 4:24 and 1 Corinthians 10:10

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