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LXX Ecclesiastes

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 3

1 To all things there is a time, and a season for every matter under heaven. 2 A time of birth, and a time to die; a time to plant, and a time to pluck up what has been planted; 3 a time to kill, and a time to heal; a time to pull down, and a time to build up; 4 a time to weep, and a time to laugh; a time to lament, and a time to dance; 5 a time to throw stones, and a time to gather stones together; a time to embrace, and a time to abstain from embracing; 6 a time to seek, and a time to lose; a time to keep, and a time to cast away; 7 a time to tear, and a time to sew; a time to be silent, and a time to speak; 8 a time to love, and a time to hate; a time of war, and a time of peace. 9 What advantage has he that works in those things in which he labors? 10 I have seen all the trouble, which God has given to the sons of men to be troubled with. 11 All the things which he has made are beautiful in its time: he has also set the whole world in their heart, that man might not find out the work which God has made from the beginning even to the end. 12 I know that there is no good in them, except for a man to rejoice, and to do good in his life. 13 Also in the case of every man who shall eat and drink, and see good in all his labor, this is a gift of God. 14 I know that whatever things God has done, they shall be for ever: it is impossible to add to it, and it is impossible to take away from it: and God has done it, that men may fear before him. 15 That which has been is now; and whatever things are appointed to be have already been; and God will seek out that which is pursued. 16 And moreover I saw under the sun the place of judgment, there was the ungodly one; and the place of righteousness, there was the ungodly one. 17 And I said in my heart, God will judge the righteous and the ungodly: for there is a time for every action and for every work. 18 There I said in my heart, concerning the speech of the sons of man, that God will judge them, and that to show that they are beasts,⁠ even to themselves. 19 For there is the event of the sons of man, and the event of the brute; one event happens to them: as is the death of the one, so also the death of the other; and there is one breath to all: and what has the man more than the brute? nothing; for all is vanity. 20 All go to one place; all were formed of the dust, and all will return to dust. 21 And who knows the spirit of the sons of man, whether it goes upward? and the spirit of the beast, whether it goes downward to the earth? 22 And I saw that there was no good, but that in which a man shall rejoice in his works, for it is his portion, for who shall bring him to see any thing of that which shall be after him?

Texts in conversation

Compare Ecclesiastes 3:18 and LXX Ecclesiastes 3:18

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

The Hebrew version of Ecclesiastes says God shows people that they are no better than animals. The Greek Septuagint interprets the difficult Hebrew as saying God will also judge them, adding explicit divine judgment that the Hebrew does not say.

Passages

Ecclesiastes 3:18

Hebrew Bible
17 I thought to myself, “God will judge both the righteous and the wicked; for there is an appropriate time for every activity, and there is a time of judgment for every deed.” 18 I also thought to myself, “It is for the sake of people, so God can clearly show them that they are like animals. 19 For the fate of humans and the fate of animals are the same: As one dies, so dies the other; both have the same breath. There is no advantage for humans over animals, for both are fleeting.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes

LXX Ecclesiastes 3:18

Septuagint
17 And I said in my heart, God will judge the righteous and the ungodly: for there is a time for every action and for every work. 18 There I said in my heart, concerning the speech of the sons of man, that God will judge them, and that to show that they are beasts, even to themselves. 19 For there is the event of the sons of man, and the event of the brute; one event happens to them: as is the death of the one, so also the death of the other; and there is one breath to all: and what has the man more than the brute? nothing; for all is vanity.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Ecclesiastes

References

... The reading of the Masoretic Text (welirʾot) makes no sense. It is better to follow most of the ancient versions (the Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate) in taking the infinitive to be Hiphil, with the syncope of h: larʾot from leharʾot (compare larʾotekem in Deuteronomy 1:33). A similar syncope is attested in Ecclesiastes 5:5, where we find the Hiphil infinitive form lahatiʾ for lehahatiʾ. Obviously in the case of Ecclesiastes 3:18 the loss of the causative marker, h-, caused the misinterpretation of the form as Qal instead of Hiphil. ...
Choon-Leong Seow, Ecclesiastes: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008), 166–167.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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