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LXX 1 Samuel

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 4

1 And it happened in those days that the Philistines gathered themselves together against Israel to war; and Israel went out to meet them to war,⁠ and encamped at Ebenezer, and the Philistines encamped in Aphek. 2 And the Philistines prepare to fight with Israel, and the battle was turned against them; and the men of Israel fell before the Philistines, and there were struck in the battle in the field four thousand men. 3 And the people came to the camp, and the elders of Israel said, Why has the Lord caused us to fall this day before the Philistines? let us take the ark of our God out of Shiloh, and let it proceed from the midst of us, and it shall save us from the hand of our enemies. 4 And the people sent to Shiloh, and they take from there the ark of the Lord who dwells between the cherubs: and both the sons of Eli, Ophni and Phinehas, were with the ark. 5 And it happened when the ark of the Lord entered into the camp, that all Israel cried out with a loud voice, and the earth resounded. 6 And the Philistines heard the cry, and the Philistines said, What is this great cry in the camp of the Hebrews: and they understood that the ark of the Lord had come into the camp. 7 And the Philistines feared, and said, These are the Gods that have come to them into the camp. Woe to us, Lord, deliver us today, for such a thing has not happened before. 8 Woe to us, who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods? these are the Gods that struck Egypt with every plague,⁠ and in the wilderness. 9 Strengthen yourselves and behave yourselves like men, you Philistines, that you may not serve the Hebrews as they have served us, but be men and fight with them. 10 And they fought with them; and the men of Israel fall, and they fled every man to his tent; and there was a very great slaughter; and there fell of Israel thirty thousand fighting men. 11 And the ark of God was taken, and both the sons of Eli, Ophni, and Phinehas, died. 12 And there ran a man of Benjamin out of the battle, and he came to Shiloh on that day: and his clothes were torn, and earth was upon his head. 13 And he came, and look, Eli was upon the seat by the gate looking along the way, for his heart was greatly alarmed for the ark of God: and the man entered into the city to bring news; and the city cried out. 14 And Eli heard the sound of the cry, and said, What is the voice of this cry? and the man hastened and went in, and reported to Eli. 15 Now Eli was ninety years old, and his eyes were fixed, and he did not see. And Eli said to those who stood all around him, What is the voice of this sound? 16 And the man hastened and advanced to Eli, and said to him, I am he that has come out of the camp, and I have fled from the battle today: and Eli said, What is the event, my son? 17 And the young man answered and said, The men of Israel fled from the face of the Philistines, and there was a great slaughter among the people, and both your sons are dead, and the ark of God is taken. 18 And it happened, when he mentioned the ark of God, that he fell from the seat backward near the gate, and his back was broken, and he died, for he was an old man and heavy: and he judged Israel twenty years. 19 And his daughter-in-law the wife of Phinehas was with child, about to bring forth; and she heard the news, that the ark of God was taken, and that her father-in-law and her husband were dead; and she bowed down and was delivered, for her pains came upon her. 20 And in her time she was at the point of death; and the women that stood by her, said to her, Do not fear, for you have borne a son: but she did not answer, and her heart did not regard it. 21 And she called the child Uaebarchaboth, because of the ark of God, and because of her father-in-law, and because of her husband. 22 And they said, The glory of Israel has departed, since the ark of the Lord is taken.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 4:8 and LXX 1 Samuel 4:8

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

In 1 Samuel 4, the Philistines recall the plagues against the Egyptians but mistakenly place them in the wilderness rather than Egypt. The Greek Septuagint corrects this by clearly separating the events in Egypt from those in the wilderness.

Passages

1 Samuel 4:8

Hebrew Bible
7 The Philistines were scared because they thought that gods had come to the camp. They said, “Woe to us! We’ve never seen anything like this! 8 Woe to us! Who can deliver us from the hand of these mighty gods? These are the gods who struck the Egyptians with all sorts of plagues in the desert! 9 Be strong and act like men, you Philistines, or else you will wind up serving the Hebrews the way they have served you! Act like men and fight!”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

LXX 1 Samuel 4:8

Septuagint
7 And the Philistines feared, and said, These are the Gods that have come to them into the camp. Woe to us, Lord, deliver us today, for such a thing has not happened before. 8 Woe to us, who shall deliver us out of the hand of these mighty Gods? these are the Gods that struck Egypt with every plague, and in the wilderness. 9 Strengthen yourselves and behave yourselves like men, you Philistines, that you may not serve the Hebrews as they have served us, but be men and fight with them.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX 1 Samuel

References

"... 1 Samuel 3:16 includes the address “my child” though Samuel is not really a descendant of Eli. Whereas the Targum does not see the necessity for corrections (the Targum renders בני by ברי), the Septuagint writes only τέκνον. From a hermeneutical point of view, the text must, as far as possible without major corrections, meet the requirement of factual correctness. According to the Masoretic text of 1 Samuel 4:8, the Philistines are in fear because of the presence of the ark of the covenant of the Lord: “These are the gods who struck the Egyptians with every sort of plague in the wilderness.” The Septuagint witnesses a plus, καί, before “in the wilderness,” because the plagues did not take place in the wilderness but in Egypt. (Perhaps the mentioning of “wilderness” in Exodus 13:20 was decisive for the Masoretic text reading. The translators of the Septuagint and Targum did not follow the Masoretic text in this point) Targum Jonathan offers another attempt for improving the text: The Philistines are in fear due to the God “who struck down the Egyptians with every plague and did for his people wonders in the wilderness” ..."
Martin Meiser, The Septuagint and Its Reception: Collected Essays (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2022), 70.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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