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LXX 1 Samuel

Septuagint

About this book
Chapter 28

1 And it happened in those days that the Philistines gathered themselves together with their armies to go out to fight with Israel; and Achish said to David, Know surely, that you shall go forth to battle with me, you, and your men. 2 And David said to Achish, Thus now you shall know what your servant will do. And Achish said to David, So I will make you captain of my body-guard continually. 3 And Samuel died, and all Israel lamented for him, and they bury him in his city, in Ramathaim. And Saul had removed those who had in them divining spirits, and the wizards, out of the land. 4 And the Philistines assemble themselves, and come and encamp in Shunem: and Saul gathers all the men of Israel, and they encamp in Gilboa. 5 And Saul saw the camp of the Philistines, and he was alarmed, and his heart was greatly dismayed. 6 And Saul inquired of the Lord; and the Lord did not answer him by dreams, nor by manifestations, nor by prophets. 7 Then Saul said to his servants, Seek for me a woman who has in her a divining spirit, and I will go to her, and inquire of her: and his servants said to him, Look, there is a woman who has in her a divining spirit at Endor. 8 And Saul disguised himself, and put on other clothing, and he goes, and two men with him, and they come to the woman by night; and he said to her, Divine to me, Please, by the divining spirit within you, and bring up to me him whom I shall name to you. 9 And the woman said to him, Look now, you know what Saul has done, how he has cut off those who had in them divining spirits, and the wizards from the land, and why do you spread a snare for my life to destroy it? 10 And Saul swore to her, and said, As the Lord lives, no injury shall come upon you on this account. 11 And the woman said, Whom shall I bring up to you? and he said, Bring up to me Samuel. 12 And the woman saw Samuel, and cried out with a loud voice: and the woman said to Saul, Why have you deceived me? for you are Saul. 13 And the king said to her, Do not fear; tell me whom you have seen. And the woman said to him, I saw gods ascending out of the earth. 14 And he said to her, What did you perceive? and she said to him, An upright man ascending out of the earth, and he was clothed with a mantle. And Saul knew that this was Samuel, and he stooped with his face to the earth, and bowed in respect to him. 15 And Samuel said, Why have you troubled me, that I should come up? And Saul said, I am greatly distressed, and the Philistines war against me, and God has departed from me, and no longer listens to me either by the hand of the prophets or by dreams: and now I have called you to tell me what I shall do. 16 And Samuel said, Why do you ask me, whereas the Lord has departed from you, and has come to be with your neighbor?⁠ 17 And the Lord has done to you, as the Lord spoke by me; and the Lord will tear your kingdom out of your hand, and will give it to your neighbor David. 18 because you did not listen to the voice of the Lord, and did not execute his fierce anger upon Amalek, therefore the Lord has done this thing to you this day. 19 And the Lord shall deliver Israel with you into the hands of the Philistines, and tomorrow you and your sons with you shall fall, and the Lord shall deliver the army of Israel into the hands of the Philistines. 20 And Saul instantly fell at his full length upon the earth, and was greatly afraid because of the words of Samuel; and there was no longer any strength in him, for he had eaten no bread all that day, and all that night. 21 And the woman went in to Saul, and saw that he was greatly disquieted, and said to him, Look now, your female servant has listened to your voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have heard the words which you have spoken to me. 22 And now listen, Please, to the voice of your female servant, and I will set before you a morsel of bread, and eat, and you shall be strengthened, for you will be going on your way. 23 But he would not eat; so his servants and the woman constrained him, and he listened to their voice, and rose up from the earth, and sat upon a bench. 24 And the woman had a fat heifer in the house; and she hastened and killed it; and she took meal and kneaded it, and baked unleavened cakes. 25 And she brought the food before Saul, and before his servants; and they ate, and rose up, and departed that night.

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Compare 1 Samuel 28:16 and LXX 1 Samuel 28:16

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

1 Samuel 28 shows Samuel declaring that God has become Saul’s enemy. The Greek Septuagint translation is significantly different, stating instead that God is now with Saul’s rival, likely to soften a harsh depiction of God.

Passages

1 Samuel 28:16

Hebrew Bible
15 Samuel said to Saul, “Why have you disturbed me by bringing me up?” Saul replied, “I am terribly troubled! The Philistines are fighting against me and God has turned away from me. He does not answer me anymore—not by the prophets nor by dreams. So I have called on you to tell me what I should do.” 16 Samuel said, “Why are you asking me, now that the Lord has turned away from you and has become your enemy? 17 The Lord has done exactly as I prophesied! The Lord has torn the kingdom from your hand and has given it to your neighbor David!
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

LXX 1 Samuel 28:16

Septuagint
15 And Samuel said, Why have you troubled me, that I should come up? And Saul said, I am greatly distressed, and the Philistines war against me, and God has departed from me, and no longer listens to me either by the hand of the prophets or by dreams: and now I have called you to tell me what I shall do. 16 And Samuel said, Why do you ask me, whereas the Lord has departed from you, and has come to be with your neighbor? 17 And the Lord has done to you, as the Lord spoke by me; and the Lord will tear your kingdom out of your hand, and will give it to your neighbor David.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX 1 Samuel

References

"... In 1 Samuel 28:16, Samuel states the reasoning for Saul’s catastrophic fate. The Masoretic text reads “God became your enemy”. In the Septuagint, we read “God is with your neighbour.” Perhaps this phrasing is not the result of translation but of inner-Hebrew correction; someone wrote עם רעך instead of ערך. The graphical closeness does not imply automatically the lacking of consciousness. In any case, the translator of the Septuagint is not the only one who avoids the notion that God should be an enemy of human beings. Also, the Targumist reformulates this passage: “the Memra of the Lord is at the aid of the man whose enemy you are”. Josephus omits this passage ..."
Martin Meiser, The Septuagint and Its Reception: Collected Essays (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2022), 76.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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