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Luke

About this book
Chapter 15

1 Now all the tax collectors and sinners were coming to hear him. 2 But the Pharisees and the experts in the law were complaining, “This man welcomes sinners and eats with them.” 3 So Jesus told them this parable: 4 “Which one of you, if he has a hundred sheep and loses one of them, would not leave the ninety-nine in the open pasture and go look for the one that is lost until he finds it?⁠ 5 Then when he has found it, he places it on his shoulders, rejoicing. 6 Returning home, he calls together his friends and neighbors, telling them, ‘Rejoice with me because I have found my sheep that was lost.’ 7 I tell you, in the same way there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous people who have no need to repent. 8 “Or what woman, if she has ten silver coins and loses one of them, does not light a lamp, sweep the house, and search thoroughly until she finds it?⁠ 9 Then when she has found it, she calls together her friends and neighbors, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found the coin that I had lost.’ 10 In the same way, I tell you, there is joy in the presence of God’s angels over one sinner who repents.” 11 Then Jesus said, “A man had two sons. 12 The younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me the share of the estate that will belong to me.’⁠ So he divided his assets between them. 13 After a few days, the younger son gathered together all he had and left on a journey to a distant country, and there he squandered his wealth with a wild lifestyle. 14 Then after he had spent everything, a severe famine took place in that country, and he began to be in need. 15 So he went and worked for one of the citizens of that country, who sent him to his fields to feed pigs. 16 He was longing to eat the carob pods the pigs were eating, but no one gave him anything.⁠ 17 But when he came to his senses, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired workers have food enough to spare, but here I am dying from hunger! 18 I will get up and go to my father⁠ and say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you.⁠ 19 I am no longer worthy to be called your son; treat me like one of your hired workers.”’⁠ 20 So he got up and went to his father. But while he was still a long way from home his father saw him, and his heart went out to him; he ran and hugged his son and kissed him.⁠ 21 Then his son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’⁠ 22 But the father said to his slaves, ‘Hurry! Bring the best robe, and put it on him! Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet! 23 Bring the fattened calf and kill it! Let us eat and celebrate, 24 because this son of mine was dead, and is alive again—he was lost and is found!’ So they began to celebrate. 25 “Now his older son was in the field. As he came and approached the house, he heard music and dancing. 26 So he called one of the slaves and asked what was happening. 27 The slave replied, ‘Your brother has returned, and your father has killed the fattened calf because he got his son back safe and sound.’ 28 But the older son became angry and refused to go in. His father came out and appealed to him, 29 but he answered his father, ‘Look! These many years I have worked like a slave for you, and I never disobeyed your commands. Yet you never gave me even a goat so that I could celebrate with my friends! 30 But when this son of yours came back, who has devoured your assets with prostitutes,⁠ you killed the fattened calf for him!’ 31 Then the father said to him, ‘Son, you are always with me, and everything that belongs to me is yours. 32 It was appropriate to celebrate and be glad, for your brother was dead, and is alive; he was lost and is found.’”

Texts in conversation

Compare Luke 15:18 and Exegesis on the Soul 1:19

New Testament · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

In Luke 15, the prodigal son admits his sin and returns to his father, who welcomes him. Exegesis on the Soul, a Nag Hammadi text, gives a similar appeal to the soul as a woman who regrets leaving home and asks her Father to restore her.

Passages

Luke 15:18

New Testament
17 But when he came to his senses, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired workers have food enough to spare, but here I am dying from hunger! 18 I will get up and go to my father and say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you. 19 I am no longer worthy to be called your son; treat me like one of your hired workers.”’ 20 So he got up and went to his father. But while he was still a long way from home his father saw him, and his heart went out to him; he ran and hugged his son and kissed him. 21 Then his son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and against you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

Exegesis on the Soul 1:19

Nag Hammadi
When, however, the exalted Father visited her and looked on her, and saw her moaning in her pains and shame, repenting for the prostitution she practiced, and when she started to invoke his name that he might help her, [she moaned] with all her heart and said: “Save me, my Father. Look on me, because I will give [an account to you], because I forsook my house and escaped from my maiden’s quarters. Restore me to yourself once more.” When he beholds her in this condition, he will then consider her worthy of bestowing his mercy on her, because many are the sufferings that befell her because she forsook her house.
200–230 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Exegesis on the Soul

References

“... Fortunately, in a moment of clarity she remembers her “Father on high” and “began to call on him for help, and [she signed] with all her heart” (Exeg. Soul 128.27–33). Mindful of all that she has lost over the course of her journey, her prayer rings with poignancy: “My Father, save me. Look, I shall tell [you how I] left home and fled from my maiden’s quarters” (Exeg. Soul 128.35–129.1). With her final words, she expresses her desire to return back to her former home: “Restore me to yourself” (Exeg. Soul 129.2). Significantly, her Father, having viewed Sophia’s fallen state, now will “consider her worthy of his mercy” (Exeg. Soul 129.3–4). [...] The reader can easily hear the echoes of the prodigal’s lament and that of Sophia: “I will get up and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you; I am no longer worthy to be called thy son; treat me like one of thy hired servants” (Luke 15:18–19). ...”
Nicholas J. Frederick, “The ‘Journey of the Soul’ in Two Lucan Parables,” in Greco-Roman and Jewish Tributaries to the New Testament: Festschrift in Honor of Gregory J. Riley, ed. Christopher S. Crawford, Claremont Studies in New Testament and Christian Origins 4 (Claremont, CA: Claremont, 2018), 17, 21.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Luke 15:18 and Exegesis on the Soul 1:19

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