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Lamentations

About this book
Chapter 5

1 O Lord, reflect on what has happened to us; consider and look at our disgrace. 2 Our inheritance is turned over to strangers; foreigners now occupy our homes. 3 We have become fatherless orphans; our mothers have become widows. 4 We must pay money for our own water; we must buy our own wood at a steep price. 5 We are pursued—they are breathing down our necks; we are weary and have no rest. 6 We have submitted to Egypt and Assyria in order to buy food to eat. 7 Our forefathers sinned and are dead, but we suffer their punishment. 8 Slaves rule over us; there is no one to rescue us from their power. 9 At the risk of our lives we get our food because robbers lurk in the wilderness. 10 Our skin is as hot as an oven due to a fever from hunger. 11 They raped women in Zion, virgins in the towns of Judah. 12 Princes were hung by their hands; elders were mistreated. 13 The young men perform menial labor; boys stagger from their labor. 14 The elders are gone from the city gate; the young men have stopped playing their music.⁠ 15 Our hearts no longer have any joy; our dancing is turned to mourning. 16 The crown has fallen from our head; woe to us, for we have sinned! 17 Because of this, our hearts are sick; because of these things, we can hardly see through our tears. 18 For jackals34 are prowling over Mount Zion, which lies desolate.⁠ 19 But you, O Lord, reign forever; your throne endures from generation to generation. 20 Why do you keep on forgetting us? Why do you forsake us so long? 21 Bring us back to yourself, O Lord, so that we may return to you; renew our life as in days before, 22 unless you have utterly rejected us and are angry with us beyond measure.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentations 5:22 and LXX Lamentations 5:22

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Hebrew Lamentations ends on a deliberately unresolved line that leaves the people’s plea for return hanging between hope and rejection. The Greek closes the same verse as a flat statement that God has rejected them, sealing the book on despair.

Passages

Lamentations 5:22

Hebrew Bible
21 Bring us back to yourself, O Lord, so that we may return to you; renew our life as in days before, 22 unless you have utterly rejected us and are angry with us beyond measure.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

LXX Lamentations 5:22

Septuagint
21 Turn us, Lord, to you, and we shall be turned; and renew our days as before. 22 For you have indeed rejected us; you have been very angry against us.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Lamentations

References

“... Linafelt also rightly rejects the translation of כי אם as “unless,” as all other instances are preceded by a negative clause. Three plausible solutions remain: (1) translating as an asseverative, as do the Septuagint and Peshitta; this usage is attested both in oath formulas (2 Kings 5:20) and independently (1 Samuel 21:6); (2) Linafelt’s own solution, which takes כי אם as introducing a protasis with elliptical apodosis (“For if you have truly rejected us, raging bitterly against us…”); and (3) rendering כי אם in the restrictive sense, connoting a reversal or restriction of what precedes (see Waltke-O’Connor §39.3.5d; Joüon-Muraoka §172c). Linafelt rejects this solution as applicable only when כי אם is “preceded by a negative, either explicit or implied.” However, כי אם has the restrictive sense without a preceding negative in 1 Kings 20:6 and, more clearly, in Numbers 14:22. In my view, all three of these latter positions are tenable grammatically, and the choice among them is a matter of interpretation. ...”
Robert Williamson Jr., “Lament and the Arts of Resistance: Public and Hidden Transcripts in Lamentations 5,” in Lamentations in Ancient and Contemporary Cultural Contexts, ed. Nancy C. Lee and Carleen Mandolfo, SymS 43 (Atlanta: SBL, 2008), 74.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Lamentations 5:22 and LXX Lamentations 5:22

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