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Lamentations

About this book
Chapter 4

1 א (Alef) Alas! Gold has lost its luster; pure gold loses value. Jewels are scattered on every street corner. 2 ב (Bet) The precious sons of Zion were worth their weight in gold—Alas!—but now they are treated like broken clay pots, made by a potter.⁠ 3 ג (Gimel) Even the jackals nurse their young at their breast, but my people are cruel, like ostriches in the wilderness.⁠ 4 ד (Dalet) The infant’s tongue sticks to the roof of its mouth due to thirst; little children beg for bread, but no one gives them even a morsel. 5 ה (He) Those who once feasted on delicacies are now starving to death in the streets. Those who grew up wearing expensive clothes are now dying amid garbage. 6 ו (Vav) The punishment of my people exceeds that of Sodom, which was overthrown in a moment with no one to help her.⁠ 7 ז (Zayin) Our consecrated ones were brighter than snow, whiter than milk; their bodies more ruddy than corals, their hair like lapis lazuli. 8 ח (Khet) Now their appearance is darker than soot; they are not recognized in the streets. Their skin has shriveled on their bones; it is dried up, like tree bark. 9 ט (Tet) Those who die by the sword are better off than those who die of hunger, those who waste away, struck down from lack of food. 10 י (Yod) The hands of tenderhearted women cooked their own children, who became their food, when my people were destroyed.⁠ 11 כ (Kaf) The Lord fully vented his wrath; he poured out his fierce anger. He started a fire in Zion; it consumed her foundations. 12 ל (Lamed) Neither the kings of the earth nor the people of the lands ever thought that enemy or foe could enter the gates of Jerusalem. 13 מ (Mem) But it happened due to the sins of her prophets and the iniquities of her priests, who poured out in her midst the blood of the righteous. 14 נ (Nun) They wander blindly through the streets, defiled by the blood they shed, while no one dares to touch their garments. 15 ס (Samek) People cry to them, “Turn away! You are unclean! Turn away! Turn away! Don’t touch us!”⁠ So they have fled and wander about; but the nations say, “They may not stay here any longer.” 16 פ (Pe) The Lord himself has scattered them; he no longer watches over them. They did not honor the priests; they did not show favor to the elders. 17 ע (Ayin) Our eyes continually failed us as we looked in vain for help. From our watchtowers we watched for a nation that could not rescue us. 18 צ (Tsade) Our enemies hunted us down at every step so that we could not walk about in our streets. Our end drew near, our days were numbered, for our end had come! 19 ק (Qof) Those who pursued us were swifter than eagles in the sky. They chased us over the mountains; they ambushed us in the wilderness. 20 ר (Resh) Our very life breath—the Lord’s anointed king—was caught in their traps,⁠ of whom we thought, “Under his protection we will survive among the nations.” 21 ש (Shin) Rejoice and be glad for now, O people of Edom, who reside in the land of Uz.⁠ But the cup of judgment will pass to you also; you will get drunk and take off your clothes.⁠ 22 ת (Tav) O people of Zion, your punishment will come to an end; he will not prolong your exile. But, O people of Edom, he will punish your sin and reveal your offenses!

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 9:21 and Lamentations 4:21

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Lamentations taunts Edom with the cup of drunkenness that leaves them exposed, echoing the language in Genesis where Noah drinks wine, becomes drunk, and lies uncovered in his tent. Both connect drunkenness and nakedness to depict humiliation.

Passages

Genesis 9:21

Hebrew Bible
19 These were the three sons of Noah, and from them the whole earth was populated. 20 Noah, a man of the soil, began to plant a vineyard. 21 When he drank some of the wine, he got drunk and uncovered himself inside his tent. 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father’s nakedness and told his two brothers who were outside. 23 Shem and Japheth took the garment and placed it on their shoulders. Then they walked in backwards and covered up their father’s nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so they did not see their father’s nakedness.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Lamentations 4:21

Hebrew Bible
19 ק (Qof) Those who pursued us were swifter than eagles in the sky. They chased us over the mountains; they ambushed us in the wilderness. 20 ר (Resh) Our very life breath—the Lord’s anointed king—was caught in their traps, of whom we thought, “Under his protection we will survive among the nations.” 21 ש (Shin) Rejoice and be glad for now, O people of Edom, who reside in the land of Uz. But the cup of judgment will pass to you also; you will get drunk and take off your clothes. 22 ת (Tav) O people of Zion, your punishment will come to an end; he will not prolong your exile. But, O people of Edom, he will punish your sin and reveal your offenses!
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

References

"... The strange story of Noah’s drunkenness, nakedness, and curse of his grandson, Canaan (Gen 9:18-29), often strikes readers as patently unjust. Therefore, a great diversity of interpreters have endeavored to clarify the putatively veiled justice of this story. However, I argue that this strange Israelite narrative engineered to denigrate their Canaanite rivals was, in fact, constructed with an explicitly unjust curse that fits coherently into the overall literary framework of the primeval history (Gen 1-11) ..."
Justin M. Reed, The Injustice of Noah's Curse and the Presumption of Canaanite Guilt: A New Reading of Genesis 9:18-29 (Princeton Theological Seminary, 2020), 101–103.
"... In Genesis 9, Noah, “the man of the ground”, plants a vineyard in that ground, produces wine, and gets drunk on it (Genesis 9:20–21). Much as other parts of the non-P primeval history associate names of major characters with their role vis-à-vis humanity, so also Genesis 5:29 and 9:20–21 associate Noah’s name (נח) with the comfort that he provided humanity through inebriating wine. Yet it should be emphasized that the overall story in Genesis 9:20–27 only briefly anticipates the comfort of wine before concretely illustrating its potential pitfalls (9:21–25). In particular, Genesis 9:21b depicts the risk of sexual shame through drunken nakedness that is noted in some other biblical texts (see Habakkuk 2:15; Lamentations 4:21) and is grounded in a broader ancient Near Eastern linking of alcohol and sex ..."
David M. Carr, The Formation of Genesis 1–11: Biblical and Other Precursors (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020), 116.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 9:21 and Lamentations 4:21

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