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Genesis

About this book

God's Covenant with Noah

Chapter 9

1 Then God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.⁠ 2 Every living creature of the earth and every bird of the sky will be terrified of you. Everything that creeps on the ground and all the fish of the sea are under your authority. 3 You may eat any moving thing that lives. As I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything. 4 “But you must not eat meat with its life (that is, its blood) in it.⁠ 5 For your lifeblood I will surely exact punishment, from every living creature I will exact punishment.⁠ From each person I will exact punishment for the life of the individual since the man was his relative.⁠ 6 “Whoever sheds human blood, by other humans must his blood be shed;⁠ for in God’s image God has made humankind.⁠ 7 “But as for you, be fruitful and multiply; increase abundantly on the earth and multiply on it.” 8 God said to Noah and his sons, 9 “Look. I now confirm my covenant with you and your descendants after you 10 and with every living creature that is with you, including the birds, the domestic animals, and every living creature of the earth with you, all those that came out of the ark with you—every living creature of the earth. 11 I confirm my covenant with you: Never again will all living things be wiped out by the waters of a flood; never again will a flood destroy the earth.”⁠ 12 And God said, “This is the guarantee of the covenant I am making with you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all subsequent generations: 13 I will place my bow35 in the clouds, and it will become a guarantee of the covenant between me and the earth.⁠ 14 Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the bow35 appears in the clouds, 15 then I will remember my covenant with you and with all living creatures of all kinds. Never again will the waters become a flood and destroy all living things.⁠ 16 When the rainbow is in the clouds, I will notice it and remember the perpetual covenant between God and all living creatures⁠ of all kinds that are on the earth.”⁠ 17 So God said to Noah, “This is the guarantee of the covenant that I am confirming between me and all living things that are on the earth.”

Noah and His Sons

18 The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. (Now Ham was the father of Canaan.) 19 These were the three sons of Noah, and from them the whole earth was populated. 20 Noah, a man of the soil, began to plant a vineyard.⁠ 21 When he drank some of the wine, he got drunk and uncovered himself inside his tent.⁠ 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father’s nakedness and told his two brothers who were outside.⁠ 23 Shem and Japheth took the garment and placed it on their shoulders. Then they walked in backwards and covered up their father’s nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so they did not see their father’s nakedness. 24 When Noah awoke from his drunken stupor he learned what his youngest son had done to him.⁠ 25 So he said, “Cursed be Canaan! The lowest of slaves he will be to his brothers.”⁠ 26 He also said, “Worthy of praise is the Lord, the God of Shem! May Canaan be the slave of Shem! 27 May God enlarge Japheth’s territory and numbers! May he live in the tents of Shem and may Canaan be the slave of Japheth!” 28 After the flood Noah lived 350 years. 29 The entire lifetime of Noah was 950 years, and then he died.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 9:21 and Lamentations 4:21

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Lamentations taunts Edom with the cup of drunkenness that leaves them exposed, echoing the language in Genesis where Noah drinks wine, becomes drunk, and lies uncovered in his tent. Both connect drunkenness and nakedness to depict humiliation.

Passages

Genesis 9:21

Hebrew Bible
19 These were the three sons of Noah, and from them the whole earth was populated. 20 Noah, a man of the soil, began to plant a vineyard. 21 When he drank some of the wine, he got drunk and uncovered himself inside his tent. 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father’s nakedness and told his two brothers who were outside. 23 Shem and Japheth took the garment and placed it on their shoulders. Then they walked in backwards and covered up their father’s nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so they did not see their father’s nakedness.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Lamentations 4:21

Hebrew Bible
19 ק (Qof) Those who pursued us were swifter than eagles in the sky. They chased us over the mountains; they ambushed us in the wilderness. 20 ר (Resh) Our very life breath—the Lord’s anointed king—was caught in their traps, of whom we thought, “Under his protection we will survive among the nations.” 21 ש (Shin) Rejoice and be glad for now, O people of Edom, who reside in the land of Uz. But the cup of judgment will pass to you also; you will get drunk and take off your clothes. 22 ת (Tav) O people of Zion, your punishment will come to an end; he will not prolong your exile. But, O people of Edom, he will punish your sin and reveal your offenses!
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

References

"... The strange story of Noah’s drunkenness, nakedness, and curse of his grandson, Canaan (Gen 9:18-29), often strikes readers as patently unjust. Therefore, a great diversity of interpreters have endeavored to clarify the putatively veiled justice of this story. However, I argue that this strange Israelite narrative engineered to denigrate their Canaanite rivals was, in fact, constructed with an explicitly unjust curse that fits coherently into the overall literary framework of the primeval history (Gen 1-11) ..."
Justin M. Reed, The Injustice of Noah's Curse and the Presumption of Canaanite Guilt: A New Reading of Genesis 9:18-29 (Princeton Theological Seminary, 2020), 101–103.
"... In Genesis 9, Noah, “the man of the ground”, plants a vineyard in that ground, produces wine, and gets drunk on it (Genesis 9:20–21). Much as other parts of the non-P primeval history associate names of major characters with their role vis-à-vis humanity, so also Genesis 5:29 and 9:20–21 associate Noah’s name (נח) with the comfort that he provided humanity through inebriating wine. Yet it should be emphasized that the overall story in Genesis 9:20–27 only briefly anticipates the comfort of wine before concretely illustrating its potential pitfalls (9:21–25). In particular, Genesis 9:21b depicts the risk of sexual shame through drunken nakedness that is noted in some other biblical texts (see Habakkuk 2:15; Lamentations 4:21) and is grounded in a broader ancient Near Eastern linking of alcohol and sex ..."
David M. Carr, The Formation of Genesis 1–11: Biblical and Other Precursors (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020), 116.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 9:21 and Lamentations 4:21

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