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Lamentations

About this book
Chapter 3

1 א (Alef) I am the man who has experienced affliction from the rod of the Lord’s wrath. 2 He drove me into captivity and made me walk in darkness and not light. 3 He repeatedly attacks me; he turns his hand against me all day long. 4 ב (Bet) He has made my mortal skin waste away; he has broken my bones. 5 He has besieged and surrounded me with bitter hardship. 6 He has made me reside in deepest darkness like those who died long ago.⁠ 7 ג (Gimel) He has walled me in so that I cannot get out; he has weighted me down with heavy prison chains. 8 Also, when I cry out desperately for help, he has shut out my prayer.⁠ 9 He has blocked every road I take with a wall of hewn stones; he has made every path impassable. 10 ד (Dalet) To me he is like a bear lying in ambush, like a hidden lion stalking its prey. 11 He has obstructed my paths and torn me to pieces; he has made me desolate. 12 He drew his bow and made me the target for his arrow. 13 ה (He) He shot his arrows into my heart. 14 I have become the laughingstock of all people, their mocking song all day long. 15 He has given me my fill of bitter herbs and made me drunk with bitterness.⁠ 16 ו (Vav) He ground my teeth in gravel; he trampled me in the dust. 17 I am deprived of peace; I have forgotten what happiness is. 18 So I said, “My endurance has expired; I have lost all hope of deliverance from the Lord.” 19 ז (Zayin) Remember my impoverished and homeless condition, which is a bitter poison. 20 I continually think about this, and I am depressed. 21 But this I call to mind; therefore I have hope: 22 ח (Khet) The Lord’s loyal kindness never ceases; his compassions never end.⁠ 23 They are fresh every morning; your faithfulness is abundant! 24 “My portion is the Lord,” I have said to myself, so I will put my hope in him. 25 ט (Tet) The Lord is good to those who trust in him, to the one who seeks him. 26 It is good to wait patiently for deliverance from the Lord. 27 It is good for a man to bear the yoke while he is young. 28 י (Yod) Let a person sit alone in silence, when the Lord is disciplining him. 29 Let him bury his face in the dust; perhaps there is hope. 30 Let him offer his cheek to the one who hits him; let him have his fill of insults.⁠ 31 כ (Kaf) For the Lord will not reject us forever. 32 Though he causes us grief, he then has compassion on us according to the abundance of his loyal kindness. 33 For he is not predisposed to afflict or to grieve people. 34 ל (Lamed) To crush underfoot all the earth’s prisoners, 35 to deprive a person of his rights in the presence of the Most High, 36 to defraud a person in a lawsuit—the Lord does not approve of such things! 37 מ (Mem) Whose command was ever fulfilled unless the Lord decreed it? 38 Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that everything comes—both calamity and blessing? 39 Why should any living person complain when punished for his sins? 40 נ (Nun) Let us carefully examine our ways, and let us return to the Lord. 41 Let us lift up our hearts and our hands to God in heaven: 42 “We have blatantly rebelled; you have not forgiven.” 43 ס (Samek) You shrouded yourself with anger and then pursued us; you killed without mercy. 44 You shrouded yourself with a cloud so that no prayer could get through. 45 You make us like filthy scum in the estimation of the nations.⁠ 46 פ (Pe) All our enemies have gloated over us; 47 panic and pitfall have come upon us, devastation and destruction. 48 Streams of tears flow from my eyes because of the destruction of the daughter of my people.103⁠ 49 ע (Ayin) Tears flow from my eyes and will not stop; there will be no break 50 until the Lord looks down from heaven and sees what has happened. 51 What my eyes see grieves me—all the suffering of the daughters in my city. 52 צ (Tsade) For no good reason my enemies hunted me down like a bird. 53 They shut me up in a pit and threw stones at me. 54 The waters closed over my head; I thought I was about to die. 55 ק (Qof) I have called on your name, O Lord, from the deepest pit. 56 You heard my plea: “Do not close your ears to my cry for relief!” 57 You came near on the day I called to you; you said, “Do not fear!” 58 ר (Resh) O Lord, you championed my cause; you redeemed my life. 59 You have seen the wrong done to me, O Lord; pronounce judgment on my behalf! 60 You have seen all their vengeance, all their plots against me. 61 ש (Shin) You have heard their taunts, O Lord, all their plots against me. 62 My assailants revile and conspire against me all day long. 63 Watch them from morning to evening; I am the object of their mocking songs. 64 ת (Tav) Pay them back what they deserve, O Lord, according to what they have done. 65 Give them a distraught heart; may your curse be on them! 66 Pursue them in anger and eradicate them from under the Lord’s heaven.

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentations 3:23 and 3 Enoch 46:4

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In 3 Enoch, God promises to renew the stars every morning so that they sing his praise, applying the language of mercy from Lamentations to the future life of the heavens.

Passages

Lamentations 3:23

Hebrew Bible
19 ז (Zayin) Remember my impoverished and homeless condition, which is a bitter poison. 20 I continually think about this, and I am depressed. 21 But this I call to mind; therefore I have hope: 22 ח (Khet) The Lord’s loyal kindness never ceases; his compassions never end. 23 They are fresh every morning; your faithfulness is abundant! 24 “My portion is the Lord,” I have said to myself, so I will put my hope in him. 25 ט (Tet) The Lord is good to those who trust in him, to the one who seeks him. 26 It is good to wait patiently for deliverance from the Lord.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

3 Enoch 46:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
3 And they all enter in counted order under the guidance of (lit. through, by the hands of) RAHATIEL to Raqia' ha-shSHamayim to serve the world. And they go out in counted order to praise the Holy One, blessed be He, with songs and hymns, according as it is written (Ps. xix. 1): "The heavens declare the glory of God". 4 But in the time to come the Holy One, blessed be He, will create them anew, as it is written (Lam. iii. 23): "They are new every morning". And they open their mouth and utter a song. Which is the song that they utter? (Ps. viii. 3): "When I consider your heavens".
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... b. "The spirits (ruhdn) of the stars," A E F ; "the plain" or "space" (rixvhdn) "of the stars," B. The A E F reading is supported by the fact that (1) this section of 3En (chs. 43f., 46f.) is largely concerned with "spirits/souls"; and (2) the stars are clearly regarded as animate beings, like angels, and so can be said to possess "spirits." Like angels they have fiery bodies (vs. 2: "They were standing like fiery sparks"); they have wings (vs. 2); they perform songs before God (vs. 4); and Lam 3:23 is applied to them (vs. 4; cf. 40:4). For stars with animate form see also lEn 88:1; 90:21. Here the stars are sentient beings (cf. 5:8; b.AZ 42b; 43a: 43b; Maimonides, Moreh Nebukim 2.5); but in 14:4 and 17:6 they appear to be regarded as inert masses of matter that are moved by the angels. ...”
Philip S. Alexander, “3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch,” in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, ed. James H. Charlesworth (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1983), 1:299.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Lamentations 3:23 and 3 Enoch 46:4

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