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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 46

1 R. Ishmael said: Metatron said to me: (Come and I will show you) the space of the stars that are standing in Raqia' night by night in fear of the Almighty (MAQOM) and (I will show you) where they go and where they stand. 2 I walked by his side, and he took me by his hand and pointed out all to me with his fingers. And they were standing on sparks of flames round the Merkaba of the Almighty (MAQOM). What did Metatron do? At that moment he clapped his hands and chased them off from their place. At once they flew off on flaming wings, rose and fled from the four sides of the Throne of the Merkaba,⁠ and (as they flew) he told me the names of every single one.⁠ As it is written (Ps. cxlvii. 4): "He tells the number of the stars; he gives them all their names",⁠ teaching, that the Holy One, blessed be He, has given a name to each one of them. 3 And they all enter in counted order under the guidance of (lit. through, by the hands of) RAHATIEL to Raqia' ha-shSHamayim to serve the world. And they go out in counted order to praise the Holy One, blessed be He, with songs and hymns,⁠ according as it is written (Ps. xix. 1): "The heavens declare the glory of God". 4 But in the time to come the Holy One, blessed be He, will create them anew, as it is written (Lam. iii. 23): "They are new every morning".⁠ And they open their mouth and utter a song. Which is the song that they utter? (Ps. viii. 3): "When I consider your heavens".

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentations 3:23 and 3 Enoch 46:4

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In 3 Enoch, God promises to renew the stars every morning so that they sing his praise, applying the language of mercy from Lamentations to the future life of the heavens.

Passages

Lamentations 3:23

Hebrew Bible
19 ז (Zayin) Remember my impoverished and homeless condition, which is a bitter poison. 20 I continually think about this, and I am depressed. 21 But this I call to mind; therefore I have hope: 22 ח (Khet) The Lord’s loyal kindness never ceases; his compassions never end. 23 They are fresh every morning; your faithfulness is abundant! 24 “My portion is the Lord,” I have said to myself, so I will put my hope in him. 25 ט (Tet) The Lord is good to those who trust in him, to the one who seeks him. 26 It is good to wait patiently for deliverance from the Lord.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

3 Enoch 46:4

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
3 And they all enter in counted order under the guidance of (lit. through, by the hands of) RAHATIEL to Raqia' ha-shSHamayim to serve the world. And they go out in counted order to praise the Holy One, blessed be He, with songs and hymns, according as it is written (Ps. xix. 1): "The heavens declare the glory of God". 4 But in the time to come the Holy One, blessed be He, will create them anew, as it is written (Lam. iii. 23): "They are new every morning". And they open their mouth and utter a song. Which is the song that they utter? (Ps. viii. 3): "When I consider your heavens".
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... b. "The spirits (ruhdn) of the stars," A E F ; "the plain" or "space" (rixvhdn) "of the stars," B. The A E F reading is supported by the fact that (1) this section of 3En (chs. 43f., 46f.) is largely concerned with "spirits/souls"; and (2) the stars are clearly regarded as animate beings, like angels, and so can be said to possess "spirits." Like angels they have fiery bodies (vs. 2: "They were standing like fiery sparks"); they have wings (vs. 2); they perform songs before God (vs. 4); and Lam 3:23 is applied to them (vs. 4; cf. 40:4). For stars with animate form see also lEn 88:1; 90:21. Here the stars are sentient beings (cf. 5:8; b.AZ 42b; 43a: 43b; Maimonides, Moreh Nebukim 2.5); but in 14:4 and 17:6 they appear to be regarded as inert masses of matter that are moved by the angels. ...”
Philip S. Alexander, “3 (Hebrew Apocalypse of) Enoch,” in The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, ed. James H. Charlesworth (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, 1983), 1:299.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Lamentations 3:23 and 3 Enoch 46:4

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