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Lamentations

About this book
Chapter 3

1 א (Alef) I am the man who has experienced affliction from the rod of the Lord’s wrath. 2 He drove me into captivity and made me walk in darkness and not light. 3 He repeatedly attacks me; he turns his hand against me all day long. 4 ב (Bet) He has made my mortal skin waste away; he has broken my bones. 5 He has besieged and surrounded me with bitter hardship. 6 He has made me reside in deepest darkness like those who died long ago.⁠ 7 ג (Gimel) He has walled me in so that I cannot get out; he has weighted me down with heavy prison chains. 8 Also, when I cry out desperately for help, he has shut out my prayer.⁠ 9 He has blocked every road I take with a wall of hewn stones; he has made every path impassable. 10 ד (Dalet) To me he is like a bear lying in ambush, like a hidden lion stalking its prey. 11 He has obstructed my paths and torn me to pieces; he has made me desolate. 12 He drew his bow and made me the target for his arrow. 13 ה (He) He shot his arrows into my heart. 14 I have become the laughingstock of all people, their mocking song all day long. 15 He has given me my fill of bitter herbs and made me drunk with bitterness.⁠ 16 ו (Vav) He ground my teeth in gravel; he trampled me in the dust. 17 I am deprived of peace; I have forgotten what happiness is. 18 So I said, “My endurance has expired; I have lost all hope of deliverance from the Lord.” 19 ז (Zayin) Remember my impoverished and homeless condition, which is a bitter poison. 20 I continually think about this, and I am depressed. 21 But this I call to mind; therefore I have hope: 22 ח (Khet) The Lord’s loyal kindness never ceases; his compassions never end.⁠ 23 They are fresh every morning; your faithfulness is abundant! 24 “My portion is the Lord,” I have said to myself, so I will put my hope in him. 25 ט (Tet) The Lord is good to those who trust in him, to the one who seeks him. 26 It is good to wait patiently for deliverance from the Lord. 27 It is good for a man to bear the yoke while he is young. 28 י (Yod) Let a person sit alone in silence, when the Lord is disciplining him. 29 Let him bury his face in the dust; perhaps there is hope. 30 Let him offer his cheek to the one who hits him; let him have his fill of insults.⁠ 31 כ (Kaf) For the Lord will not reject us forever. 32 Though he causes us grief, he then has compassion on us according to the abundance of his loyal kindness. 33 For he is not predisposed to afflict or to grieve people. 34 ל (Lamed) To crush underfoot all the earth’s prisoners, 35 to deprive a person of his rights in the presence of the Most High, 36 to defraud a person in a lawsuit—the Lord does not approve of such things! 37 מ (Mem) Whose command was ever fulfilled unless the Lord decreed it? 38 Is it not from the mouth of the Most High that everything comes—both calamity and blessing? 39 Why should any living person complain when punished for his sins? 40 נ (Nun) Let us carefully examine our ways, and let us return to the Lord. 41 Let us lift up our hearts and our hands to God in heaven: 42 “We have blatantly rebelled; you have not forgiven.” 43 ס (Samek) You shrouded yourself with anger and then pursued us; you killed without mercy. 44 You shrouded yourself with a cloud so that no prayer could get through. 45 You make us like filthy scum in the estimation of the nations.⁠ 46 פ (Pe) All our enemies have gloated over us; 47 panic and pitfall have come upon us, devastation and destruction. 48 Streams of tears flow from my eyes because of the destruction of the daughter of my people.103⁠ 49 ע (Ayin) Tears flow from my eyes and will not stop; there will be no break 50 until the Lord looks down from heaven and sees what has happened. 51 What my eyes see grieves me—all the suffering of the daughters in my city. 52 צ (Tsade) For no good reason my enemies hunted me down like a bird. 53 They shut me up in a pit and threw stones at me. 54 The waters closed over my head; I thought I was about to die. 55 ק (Qof) I have called on your name, O Lord, from the deepest pit. 56 You heard my plea: “Do not close your ears to my cry for relief!” 57 You came near on the day I called to you; you said, “Do not fear!” 58 ר (Resh) O Lord, you championed my cause; you redeemed my life. 59 You have seen the wrong done to me, O Lord; pronounce judgment on my behalf! 60 You have seen all their vengeance, all their plots against me. 61 ש (Shin) You have heard their taunts, O Lord, all their plots against me. 62 My assailants revile and conspire against me all day long. 63 Watch them from morning to evening; I am the object of their mocking songs. 64 ת (Tav) Pay them back what they deserve, O Lord, according to what they have done. 65 Give them a distraught heart; may your curse be on them! 66 Pursue them in anger and eradicate them from under the Lord’s heaven.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 34:6 and Lamentations 3:22

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus describes God with the formula of compassionate, gracious, and full of loyal love. Lamentations, written in the middle of exile, echoes this language by affirming that God's compassion has not failed and his faithfulness remains.

Passages

Exodus 34:6

Hebrew Bible
4 So Moses cut out two tablets of stone like the first; early in the morning he went up to Mount Sinai, just as the Lord had commanded him, and he took in his hand the two tablets of stone. 5 The Lord descended in the cloud and stood with him there and proclaimed the Lord by name. 6 The Lord passed by before him and proclaimed: “The Lord, the Lord, the compassionate and gracious God, slow to anger, and abounding in loyal love and faithfulness, 7 keeping loyal love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin. But he by no means leaves the guilty unpunished, responding to the transgression of fathers by dealing with children and children’s children, to the third and fourth generation.” 8 Moses quickly bowed to the ground and worshiped
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Lamentations 3:22

Hebrew Bible
20 I continually think about this, and I am depressed. 21 But this I call to mind; therefore I have hope: 22 ח (Khet) The Lord’s loyal kindness never ceases; his compassions never end. 23 They are fresh every morning; your faithfulness is abundant! 24 “My portion is the Lord,” I have said to myself, so I will put my hope in him.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

References

"... The essential point in understanding the theology of Lamentations is that the people of God were supposed to live a life wholly committed to God; failure to do so would cause the disintegration of society and the breakdown of all relationships. The disasters mourned over in Lamentations are not the whim of a capricious God who ‘likes’ to punish (Lamentations 3:33). In the midst of suffering, there is recognition that God is righteous (1:18) and that his compassions never fail (3:22). His faithfulness is great (3:23), echoing verses in Exodus (34:6–7) ..."
Hetty Lalleman-de Winkel, Jeremiah and Lamentations: An Introduction and Commentary (Nottingham: Inter-Varsity, 2013), 323.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 34:6 and Lamentations 3:22

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