Baal Cycle

KTU 1.5 II

[…]
He extends a lip to the earth, a lip to the heavens,⁠
he extends a tongue to the stars. Baal must enter his belly,
down into hs mouth he must go,⁠
since he scorched the olive, the produce of the earth,
and the fruit of the trees. Valiant Baal was afraid of him;
Valiant Warrior was in dread of him.
Depart, say to divine Mot,
declare to the Beloved of El, the hero:
Message of Valiant Baal, word of Valiant Warrior:
Greetings, O divine Mot,
your servant am I, and forever.
The gods departed and did not stay. Then they set their faces
towards divine Mot (death),
towards his city Muddy, a pit the seat of his enthronement,
a crevice the land of his inheritance. They lifted lip their voices and cried:
Message of Valiant Baal,
word of Valiant Warrior:
Greetings, O divine Mot, your servant am I, and forever so.
Divine Mot (death) rejoiced,
he lifted up his voice and cried: Why, has Baal invited me with my brothers,
has Haddu summoned me with my kinsmen?
[…] my food
[…]
[…] my joy
[…] departed […]
[…]

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.5 II:4 and Proverbs 30:16

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

Summary

Proverbs 30 places the appetite of Death known from the Baal Cycle among everyday examples of things that never have enough, bringing an older divine threat into practical wisdom.

Passages

KTU 1.5 II:4

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit

[…] He extends a lip to the earth, a lip to the heavens, he extends a tongue to the stars. Baal must enter his belly, down into hs mouth he must go, since he scorched the olive, the produce of the earth, and the fruit of the trees. Valiant Baal was afraid of him; Valiant Warrior was in dread of him. Depart, say to divine Mot, declare to the Beloved of El, the hero: Message of Valiant Baal, word of Valiant Warrior: Greetings, O divine Mot, your servant am I, and forever. The gods departed and did not stay. Then they set their faces towards divine Mot (death), towards his city Muddy, a pit the seat of his enthronement, a crevice the land of his inheritance. They lifted lip their voices and cried: Message of Valiant Baal, word of Valiant Warrior: Greetings, O divine Mot, your servant am I, and forever so.

1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Proverbs 30:16

Hebrew Bible

15 The leech has two daughters: “Give! Give!” There are three things that will never be satisfied, four that have never said, “Enough”— 16 the grave, the barren womb; earth has not been satisfied with water; and fire has never said, “Enough!” 17 The eye that mocks at a father and despises obeying a mother—the ravens of the valley will peck it out, and the young vultures will eat it. 18 There are three things that are too wonderful for me, four that I do not understand: 19 the way of an eagle in the sky, the way of a snake on a rock, the way of a ship in the sea, and the way of a man with a woman. 20 This is the way of an adulterous woman: She has eaten and wiped her mouth and has said, “I have not done wrong.”

600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

“... Th ere is some mythology of Death in the Psalms ( DDD 598–603), but unlike the Baal-Mot confl ict in the Baal Cycle, it is not represented as a matter of confl ict between Yahweh and Death personifi ed. Still some imagery for Death in the Psalms (141:7; cf. Isa. 5:14; Hab. 2:5; Prov. 1:12; 27:20; 30:15–16) echoes the traditional language found in the Baal Cycle: “One lip to the earth, one lip to the heavens; . . . his tongue to the stars. Baal must enter inside him; he must go down into his mouth” (KTU 1.5 II 2–5, SAC 141; cf. KTU 1.23.61–63, SAC 165). Th is mythic image of the cosmic enemy’s ravenous mouth is transferred to descriptions of human enemies (Ps. 73:9; cf. Isa 9:19). Another image of Death represents him as a shepherd leading people to the underworld (Ps. 49:15[14]); this metaphor has been read in light of the warning not to get too close to Death so that he not take “like a lamb in his mouth” (KTU 1.4 VIII 14–20, SAC 138). ...”

Mark S. Smith, “Canaanite Backgrounds to the Psalms,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. William P. Brown (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 52.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Baal Cycle

KTU347 chapters

Compare KTU 1.5 II:4 and Proverbs 30:16

Summary

Passages

KTU 1.5 II:4

Proverbs 30:16

References

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