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KTU

Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit

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Aqhat

KTU 1.19 I

[Of] Aqhat.
The bow of Aqhat came down into the midst of the waters;
the arrows of the hero fell into the depths. Shattered was the bow of Aqhat the hero,
shattered was ‘Precious’, the bow of the son of Danel.
Virgin Anat came back,
the Beloved of the Powerful One returned. She picked up the quiver
in his hands, as a singer a lyre in his fingers.
Like a chisel was her mouth;
her teeth seized him and she devoured his entrails.
She cleft him like the heart of a terebinth,
and cut the cadaver in two. She divided his cadaver,
She dismembered Aqhat. He was put down like a mighty serpent,
like a huge viper in a sheepfold, like a dog deserving a stick. I struck him.
Now because of his bow I struck him;
on account of his arrows I certainly did not let him live,
yet his bow has not been given to me;
and because of his death the land is atrophied,
the first-fruits of summer shriveled, the ears of corn in their husks.
Then Danel the man of healing,
at once the hero, the devotee of Hrnm, arose
and sat by the entrance to the gate,
beneath the trees which were by the threshing-floor. He tried the case of the widow,⁠
he judged the cause of the orphan.
[…]
[…]
On lifting up her eyes she saw
that the fleece on the threshing-floor was dry,
that the field was wilted,
that the fruit of the orchard was shriveled.
Over her father’s house some falcons hovered,
a flock of hawks was watching.
Pughat wept in her heart,⁠
she cried in her liver.
She tore the garment of Danel the man of healing,
the cloak of the hero, the devotee of Hrnm.
Then Danel the man of healing cursed the clouds,⁠
which rain on the dreadful heat, the clouds which rain on the summer-fruit,
the dew which settles on the grapes:
“For seven years Baal shall fail,
for eight, the Charioteer of the clouds!
No dew, no rain, no welling up of the deeps, no goodness of Baal’s voice!⁠
no surging of the two deeps, no⁠
For she has torn the garment of Danel the man of healing,
the cloak of the hero, the devotee of Hrnm!”
Aloud to his daughter [Danel cried out]:

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.19 I:34 and Lamentations 2:11

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Ugaritic tradition, Pughat, the daughter of Danel, weeps over a drought, saying she "wept in her heart" and "cried in her liver." Lamentations similarly describes this source of emotion, saying that "my liver is poured out" to express grief.

Passages

KTU 1.19 I:34

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
On lifting up her eyes she saw that the fleece on the threshing-floor was dry, that the field was wilted, that the fruit of the orchard was shriveled. Over her father’s house some falcons hovered, a flock of hawks was watching. Pughat wept in her heart, she cried in her liver. She tore the garment of Danel the man of healing, the cloak of the hero, the devotee of Hrnm. Then Danel the man of healing cursed the clouds, which rain on the dreadful heat, the clouds which rain on the summer-fruit, the dew which settles on the grapes: “For seven years Baal shall fail, for eight, the Charioteer of the clouds!
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Lamentations 2:11

Hebrew Bible
10 י (Yod) The elders of Daughter Zion sit on the ground in silence. They have thrown dirt on their heads; they have dressed in sackcloth. Jerusalem’s young women stare down at the ground. 11 כ (Kaf) My eyes are worn out from weeping; my stomach is in knots. My liver59 is poured out on the ground due to the destruction of my helpless people; children and infants faint in the town squares. 12 ל (Lamed) Children say to their mothers, “Where are food and drink?” They faint like a wounded warrior in the city squares. They die slowly in their mothers’ arms.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

References

"... Like the heart, the liver is viewed as the seat of one’s emotions. See also Psalm 16:9; 30:12; 57:9. For an Ugaritic example of the heart/liver as the source of joy, compare “her [Anat’s] liver swelled with laughter, her heart was filled with joy, the liver of Anat with triumph" ..."
W. Hall Harris, NET Bible (Biblical Studies, 2019), 561.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.19 I:34 and Lamentations 2:11

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