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KTU

Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit

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Kirta

KTU 1.16 I

([Pertaining to] "Kirta.")
Like dogs shall we howl at your tomb,⁠
like whelps at the entrance to your burial chamber?
Yet father, how can you possibly die,
or will your burial chamber be given over to howling on the part of women, O my wretched father?
For you, father, weeps the mount of Baal,⁠
Sapan, the sacred circuit.
The mighty circuit laments, the circuit
broad of span: Is, then,
[Kir]ta a son of El, an offspring⁠
of the Kindly One and the Holiness?" Into the presence
of his father he enters, weeping
bitterly, giving forth his voice
in weeping: "In your life, our father, we rejoice,
exult in your not dying. Like a dog
your aspect is changed, like a hound
your joyous face. Will you die, then, father,
like the mortals, or your joy change to
mourning; (to) a woman's dirge, O father, my song?
How can it be said, 'A son of El
is Kirta, an offspring of the Kindly One
and the Holiness'? Or do gods die?
The offspring of the Kindly One shall surely live!"
And Kirta the Noble answers:
"My son, do not weep for me, do not
wail for me. Do not waste your eye with
flowing, the brain of your head
(with) tears. Call your sister
Thitmanit, a maid whose passion
is strong. Let her weep and wail for me[?].
[O h]ero, do not tell your sister,
[t]e[ll] . . [ ] . . . . Your sister
I know is compassionate.
Do not let her waters be dried up with grief,
her breath with sorrow.
[W]ait for the setting of the Lady
Sun, and the shining of the light of the
myriads. Then say to your sister
Thitmanit: Our Kirta is making
a sacrifice, the king is preparing
a banquet. Take your drum in (your) hand,
your [tam]bo[urine] in (your) right hand.
Go, take your stand by the songstresses
of your sire. Present [your petitions]
with your music, and he will consent to all."—
At once the hero Ilihu
his [l]ance in (his) hand takes,
his [s]pear in (his) right hand,
and sets out on a run.
[Ev]en as he arrives, it grows dark.
His sister has kindled a lamp. His lance
upon the threshold he stands. Its sheen lights up
the gateway. As soon as she sees her brother,
her [loins] to the ground break;
[upon] her brother['s neck] she weeps:
"Is, [then], the king s[ick],
[or] your sire Kirta [ill]?"
[And] the hero Ilihu [replied]:
"The king is [not] sick,
your sire Kirta [is (not) ill].
[Kirta] is making a [sac]rifice;
[the king is] preparing a banquet.

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.16 I:2 and Joel 1:8

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Joel and the Ugaritic text KTU use common ancient Near Eastern language to describe intense grief. Joel calls for wailing in sackcloth over agricultural devastation, while the Ugaritic text describes howling at a king’s tomb like dogs.

Passages

KTU 1.16 I:2

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
([Pertaining to] "Kirta.") Like dogs shall we howl at your tomb, like whelps at the entrance to your burial chamber? Yet father, how can you possibly die, or will your burial chamber be given over to howling on the part of women, O my wretched father? For you, father, weeps the mount of Baal, Sapan, the sacred circuit. The mighty circuit laments, the circuit broad of span: Is, then,
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Joel 1:8

Hebrew Bible
7 They have destroyed my vines; they have turned my fig trees into mere splinters. They have completely stripped off the bark and thrown it aside; the twigs are stripped bare. 8 Wail like a young virgin clothed in sackcloth, lamenting the death of her husband to be. 9 No one brings grain offerings or drink offerings to the temple of the Lord anymore. So the priests, those who serve the Lord, are in mourning.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joel

References

“... Rites of abasement and altered appearance communicated that mourners no longer held their usual social status but had assumed a liminal status somewhere between the dead and the living and were temporarily suspended from participating in various social activities. The separation of the mourner generally lasted 7 days, according to Genesis 50:10; 1 Samuel 31:13; and Sirach 22:12, but a mourning period of 30 days is also attested (Numbers 20:29; Deuteronomy 34:8). For non-relatives, a mourning period of 1 day was sufficient (2 Samuel 1:11–12; 3:35). ...”
Rainer Albertz and Rüdiger Schmitt, Family and Household Religion in Ancient Israel and the Levant (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2012), 434–435.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.16 I:2 and Joel 1:8

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