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Joel

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is the Lord’s message that came to Joel the son of Pethuel: 2 Listen to this, you elders; pay attention, all inhabitants of the land. Has anything like this ever happened in your whole life or in the lifetime of your ancestors? 3 Tell your children about it; have your children tell their children, and their children the following generation.⁠ 4 What the gazam-locust left the ‘arbeh-locust consumed; what the ‘arbeh-locust left the yeleq-locust consumed, and what the yeleq-locust left the hasil-locust consumed. 5 Wake up, you drunkards, and weep! Wail, all you wine drinkers, because the sweet wine has been taken away from you.⁠ 6 For a nation has invaded my land, mighty and without number. Their teeth are lion’s teeth; they have the fangs of a lioness. 7 They have destroyed my vines; they have turned my fig trees into mere splinters. They have completely stripped off the bark and thrown it aside; the twigs are stripped bare. 8 Wail like a young virgin clothed in sackcloth, lamenting the death of her husband to be.⁠ 9 No one brings grain offerings or drink offerings to the temple of the Lord anymore. So the priests, those who serve the Lord, are in mourning. 10 The crops of the fields have been destroyed. The ground is in mourning because the grain has perished. The fresh wine has dried up; the olive oil languishes. 11 Be distressed, farmers; wail, vinedressers, over the wheat and the barley. For the harvest of the field has perished. 12 The vine has dried up; the fig tree languishes—the pomegranate, date, and apple as well.⁠ In fact, all the trees of the field have dried up. Indeed, the joy of the people has dried up! 13 Get dressed and lament, you priests. Wail, you who minister at the altar. Come, spend the night in sackcloth, you servants of my God, because no one brings grain offerings or drink offerings to the temple of your God anymore. 14 Announce a holy fast; proclaim a sacred assembly. Gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land to the temple of the Lord your God, and cry out to the Lord. 15 How awful that day will be! For the day of the Lord is near; it will come as destruction from the Divine Destroyer. 16 Our food has been cut off right before our eyes! There is no longer any joy or gladness in the temple of our God. 17 The grains of seed have shriveled beneath their shovels.⁠ Storehouses have been decimated, and granaries have been torn down because the grain has dried up. 18 Listen to the cattle groan! The herds of livestock wander around in confusion because they have no pasture. Even the flocks of sheep are suffering. 19 To you, O Lord, I call out for help, for fire has burned up the pastures of the wilderness, flames have razed all the trees in the fields. 20 Even the wild animals long for you53,⁠ for the river beds have dried up; fire has destroyed the pastures of the wilderness.

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.16 I:2 and Joel 1:8

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Joel and the Ugaritic text KTU use common ancient Near Eastern language to describe intense grief. Joel calls for wailing in sackcloth over agricultural devastation, while the Ugaritic text describes howling at a king’s tomb like dogs.

Passages

KTU 1.16 I:2

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
([Pertaining to] "Kirta.") Like dogs shall we howl at your tomb, like whelps at the entrance to your burial chamber? Yet father, how can you possibly die, or will your burial chamber be given over to howling on the part of women, O my wretched father? For you, father, weeps the mount of Baal, Sapan, the sacred circuit. The mighty circuit laments, the circuit broad of span: Is, then,
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Joel 1:8

Hebrew Bible
7 They have destroyed my vines; they have turned my fig trees into mere splinters. They have completely stripped off the bark and thrown it aside; the twigs are stripped bare. 8 Wail like a young virgin clothed in sackcloth, lamenting the death of her husband to be. 9 No one brings grain offerings or drink offerings to the temple of the Lord anymore. So the priests, those who serve the Lord, are in mourning.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joel

References

“... Rites of abasement and altered appearance communicated that mourners no longer held their usual social status but had assumed a liminal status somewhere between the dead and the living and were temporarily suspended from participating in various social activities. The separation of the mourner generally lasted 7 days, according to Genesis 50:10; 1 Samuel 31:13; and Sirach 22:12, but a mourning period of 30 days is also attested (Numbers 20:29; Deuteronomy 34:8). For non-relatives, a mourning period of 1 day was sufficient (2 Samuel 1:11–12; 3:35). ...”
Rainer Albertz and Rüdiger Schmitt, Family and Household Religion in Ancient Israel and the Levant (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2012), 434–435.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.16 I:2 and Joel 1:8

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