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About this book

Judges

About this book
Chapter 5

1 On that day Deborah and Barak son of Abinoam sang this victory song: 2 “When the leaders took the lead in Israel, When the people answered the call to war—Praise the Lord! 3 Hear, O kings! Pay attention, O rulers! I will sing to the Lord! I will sing to the Lord God of Israel! 4 “O Lord, when you departed from Seir, when you marched from Edom’s plains,⁠ the earth shook, the heavens poured down,⁠ the clouds poured down rain.⁠ 5 The mountains trembled before the Lord, the God of Sinai; before the Lord God of Israel.⁠ 6 “In the days of Shamgar son of Anath, in the days of Jael caravans disappeared; travelers had to go on winding side roads. 7 Warriors were scarce; they were scarce in Israel, until you arose, Deborah, until you arose as a motherly protector in Israel. 8 God chose new leaders,⁠ then fighters appeared in the city gates; but, I swear, not a shield or spear could be found among 40 military units in Israel. 9 My heart went out to Israel’s leaders, to the people who answered the call to war. Praise the Lord! 10 “You who ride on light-colored female donkeys, who sit on saddle blankets, you who walk on the road, pay attention! 11 Hear the sound of those who divide the sheep among the watering places; there they tell of the Lord’s victorious deeds, the victorious deeds of his warriors in Israel. Then the Lord’s people went down to the city gates— 12 “Wake up, wake up, Deborah! Wake up, wake up, sing a song! Get up, Barak! Capture your prisoners of war, son of Abinoam! 13 Then the survivors came down to the mighty ones; the Lord’s people came down to me as warriors. 14 They came from Ephraim, who uprooted Amalek; they follow after you, Benjamin, with your soldiers. From Makir leaders came down, from Zebulun came the ones who march carrying an officer’s staff. 15 Issachar’s leaders were with Deborah; the men of Issachar supported Barak; into the valley they were sent under Barak’s command. Among the clans of Reuben there was intense heart searching.⁠ 16 Why do you remain among the sheepfolds, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks? As for the clans of Reuben—there was intense searching of heart. 17 Gilead stayed put beyond the Jordan River. As for Dan—why did he seek temporary employment in the shipyards? Asher remained on the seacoast; he stayed by his harbors. 18 The men of Zebulun were not concerned about their lives; Naphtali charged onto the battlefields. 19 “Kings came, they fought; the kings of Canaan fought at Taanach by the waters of Megiddo, but they took no silver as plunder.⁠ 20 From the sky the stars fought, from their paths in the heavens they fought against Sisera. 21 The onrushing torrent* carried them off;⁠ the river confronted them—the Kishon River. Step on the necks of the strong! 22 “The horses’ hooves pounded the ground; the stallions galloped madly. 23 ‘Call judgment down on Meroz,’ says the angel of the Lord; ‘Be sure to call judgment down on those who live there, because they did not come to help in the Lord’s battle, to help in the Lord’s battle against the warriors.’ 24 The most rewarded of women should be Jael,⁠ the wife of Heber the Kenite! She should be the most rewarded of women who live in tents.⁠ 25 He asked for water, and she gave him milk; in a bowl fit for a king, she served him curds.⁠ 26 Her left hand reached for the tent peg, her right hand for the workmen’s hammer. She ‘hammered’ Sisera, she shattered his skull, she smashed his head, she drove the tent peg through his temple. 27 Between her feet he collapsed, he fell limp and was lifeless; between her feet he collapsed and fell, in the spot where he collapsed, there he fell—violently killed! 28 “Through the window she looked; Sisera’s mother cried out through the lattice: ‘Why is his chariot so slow to return? Why are the hoofbeats of his chariot horses delayed?’ 29 The wisest of her ladies answer; indeed she even thinks to herself, 30 ‘No doubt they are gathering and dividing the plunder—a girl or two for each man to rape!⁠ Sisera is grabbing up colorful cloth, he is grabbing up colorful embroidered cloth, two pieces of colorful embroidered cloth, for the neck of the plunderer!’ 31 “May all your enemies perish like this, O Lord! But may those who love you shine like the rising sun at its brightest.”⁠ And the land had rest for forty years.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 33:2 and Judges 5:4

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy 33 and Judges 5 describe God coming from the southern lands of Seir and Paran, outside Israel. Both describe him as an ancient Near Eastern storm deity and warrior whose arrival brings wind, rain, and victorious conquest.

Passages

Deuteronomy 33:2

Hebrew Bible
1 This is the blessing Moses the man of God pronounced upon the Israelites before his death. 2 He said: “The Lord came from Sinai and revealed himself to Israel from Seir. He appeared in splendor from Mount Paran, and came forth with ten thousand holy ones. With his right hand he gave a fiery law to them. 3 Surely he loves the people; all your holy ones are in your hand8. And they sit at your feet, each receiving your words. 4 Moses delivered to us a law, an inheritance for the assembly of Jacob.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Judges 5:4

Hebrew Bible
2 “When the leaders took the lead in Israel, When the people answered the call to war—Praise the Lord! 3 Hear, O kings! Pay attention, O rulers! I will sing to the Lord! I will sing to the Lord God of Israel! 4 “O Lord, when you departed from Seir, when you marched from Edom’s plains, the earth shook, the heavens poured down, the clouds poured down rain. 5 The mountains trembled before the Lord, the God of Sinai; before the Lord God of Israel. 6 “In the days of Shamgar son of Anath, in the days of Jael caravans disappeared; travelers had to go on winding side roads.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges

References

"... The expression š3sw sʿrr has served as the linchpin connecting these texts with the biblical tradition. Many scholars have interpreted sʿrr as Seir and noted that Yahweh marching from Seir (śēʿîr) is featured in archaic biblical poetry (Judges 5:4; Deuteronomy 33:2) along with other southeastern locales such as Edom, Teman, Mt. Paran, and Midian. Several dissenting voices, such as Manfred Weippert (1972: 491 n. 144), Michael Astour (1979), Gösta Ahlström (1986: 59–60), and Johannes de Moor (1990: 111), have argued that sʿrr is not to be equated with Seir. In addition, some of these critics argue that the toponym Yhw is to be located in Lebanon and Syria, in the Beqaʿ-Orontes districts. Redford calls such skepticism “wholly unwarranted.” He argues that the doubled r of sʿrr does indeed designate Seir and “is thoroughly in keeping with Late Egyptian orthography.” In addition, the Shasu and Seirites are mentioned together in Papyrus Harris I (as objects of Ramses III’s destruction), and Papyrus Anastasi VI speaks of the Shasu from Edom. In this light, compare Judges 5:4, which uses Seir and Edom as parallel terms designating the place from which Yahweh marches as a divine warrior ..."
Theodore J. Lewis, The Origin and Character of God: Ancient Israelite Religion through the Lens of Divinity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020), 232.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 33:2 and Judges 5:4

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