Go to Related Reading
About this book

Joshua

About this book
Chapter 5

1 When all the Amorite kings on the west side of the Jordan and all the Canaanite kings along the seacoast heard how the Lord had dried up the water of the Jordan before the Israelites while they crossed, they lost their courage and could not even breathe for fear of the Israelites. 2 At that time the Lord told Joshua, “Make flint knives and circumcise the Israelites once again.”⁠ 3 So Joshua made flint knives and circumcised the Israelites at the Hill of the Foreskins. 4 This is why Joshua had to circumcise them: All the men old enough to fight when they left Egypt died on the journey through the wilderness after they left Egypt. 5 Now all the men who left were circumcised, but all the sons born on the journey through the wilderness after they left Egypt were uncircumcised. 6 Indeed, for 40 years the Israelites traveled through the wilderness until all the men old enough to fight when they left Egypt, the ones who had disobeyed the Lord, died off. For the Lord had sworn a solemn oath to them that he would not let them see the land he had sworn by oath to their ancestors to give them,⁠ a land rich in milk and honey. 7 He replaced them with their sons, whom Joshua circumcised. They were uncircumcised; their fathers had not circumcised them along the way. 8 When all the men had been circumcised,⁠ they stayed there in the camp until they had healed. 9 The Lord said to Joshua, “Today I have taken away the disgrace of Egypt from you.” So that place is called Gilgal even to this day. 10 So the Israelites camped in Gilgal and celebrated the Passover in the evening of the fourteenth day of the month in the rift valley plains of Jericho. 11 They ate some of the produce of the land⁠ the day after the Passover, including unleavened bread and roasted grain. 12 The manna stopped appearing the day they ate some of the produce of the land; the Israelites never ate manna again. They ate from the produce of the land of Canaan that year. 13 When Joshua was near Jericho, he looked up and saw a man standing in front of him holding a drawn sword. Joshua approached him and asked him, “Are you on our side or allied with our enemies?” 14 He answered, “Truly I am the commander of the Lord’s army. Now I have arrived!” Joshua bowed down with his face to the ground⁠ and asked, “What does my master want to say to his servant?” 15 The commander of the Lord’s army answered Joshua, “Remove your sandals from your feet because the place where you stand is holy.”⁠ Joshua did so.

Texts in conversation

Compare Joshua 5:14 and Habakkuk 3:5

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Habakkuk 3 describes two ancient Near Eastern deities, associated with plague and pestilence, marching with God in his army. A similar figure appears in Joshua 5, where an armed divine warrior presents himself as the commander of God's army.

Passages

Joshua 5:14

Hebrew Bible
13 When Joshua was near Jericho, he looked up and saw a man standing in front of him holding a drawn sword. Joshua approached him and asked him, “Are you on our side or allied with our enemies?” 14 He answered, “Truly I am the commander of the Lord’s army. Now I have arrived!” Joshua bowed down with his face to the ground and asked, “What does my master want to say to his servant?” 15 The commander of the Lord’s army answered Joshua, “Remove your sandals from your feet because the place where you stand is holy.” Joshua did so.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

Habakkuk 3:5

Hebrew Bible
4 His brightness will be as lightning; a two-pronged lightning bolt flashing from his hand. This is the outward display of his power. 5 Plague will go before him; pestilence will march right behind him. 6 He took his battle position and shook the earth; with a mere look he frightened the nations. The ancient mountains disintegrated; the primeval hills were flattened. His are ancient roads.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

References

"... Biblical references to YHWH’s divine army tend to refer to the army as a plural rather than singling out individual figures. The presentation of a single figure in Joshua 5:13–15 thus has more in common with the מַלְאָכִים (divine beings or angels) than it does with other biblical references to the host of heaven or the divine army. Whereas a מַלְאָךְ (divine being) figure appears alone in, for example, Genesis 16:7–11; 22:11–15; 31:11; Exodus 3:2; Numbers 22:22–35; Judges 2:1–4; 6:11–12; 13:3–21; 2 Samuel 24:16; 2 Kings 1:3; 2 Kings 19:35; 1 Chronicles 21:16, individuals are only singled out in YHWH’s divine army once elsewhere in the biblical texts—in Habakkuk 3:5. Habakkuk 3:5 mentions Reshep and Deber marching at YHWH’s side. Reshep is widely recognized to have been an important deity in Late Bronze Age Syria, Canaan, and Egypt, although his cult declined in popularity during the Iron Age. In Habakkuk 3, he seems to be included in YHWH’s retinue as a minor deity subordinate to YHWH and was probably associated with bringing plague and having connections to the underworld. Deber, meanwhile, is usually understood to refer to “pestilence” ..."
Cat Quine, “Military Coups in Ancient Israel and Their Implications for Conceptions of YHWH’s Divine Army,” SJOT 34.1 (2020): 30–42.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Joshua 5:14 and Habakkuk 3:5

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library