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Antiquities of the Jews, Book 5

About this book
Chapter 4

1 When Othniel died, the Israelites yet again fell into disorder, turned away from God, and neglected His laws. Consequently, Eglon, King of the Moabites, scorned them, attacked, and prevailed in several battles, overcoming their bravest men, and imposing tribute. Eglon established a palace at Jericho, harshly dominating the Israelites for eighteen years. But when they recognized their offense and prayed to God, He once more took pity and resolved to free them. 2 There was a young man of the tribe of Benjamin named Ehud, the son of Gera, a man of great courage and physical strength, though he was best at using his left hand, where his full power lay. He lived at Jericho, became friendly with Eglon by frequently presenting him with gifts, and earned favor among the king’s courtiers. One day, while presenting gifts, Ehud secretly strapped a dagger on his right thigh. It was midday in summer, and Eglon was resting in a cool chamber after his meal, with his attendants off guard, the heat having lulled them to dine. Alone with the king, Ehud said he had a message from God.⁠ Eglon rose excitedly from his throne to hear it, and Ehud, fearing a miss might not be fatal, quickly struck him to the heart, leaving the dagger buried in the wound. Then he slipped out and shut the doors behind him. Eglon’s servants assumed the king had lain down to rest and left him undisturbed until evening, when at last they feared something was amiss, entered, and found him dead. Before they could rally the guards, Ehud had warned the people of Jericho to rise and reclaim their freedom. 3 The people welcomed Ehud’s message. Armed, they blocked the Moabites’ escape at the Jordan. Eglon’s forces learned too late, and many were killed, some trying to flee. More than ten thousand Moabites died, and not one escaped. Through Ehud’s valor, the Israelites threw off Moabite oppression. Because of his deed and other virtues, Ehud became their ruler and served for eighty years, then died. He was succeeded by Shamgar, son of Anath, who died in his first year of office.

Book 6

Texts in conversation

Compare Judges 3:20 and Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 5.4.2

Hebrew Bible · Classical

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Summary

Judges describes how Ehud kills the obese king Eglon and escapes while servants think the king is using the bathroom. Josephus retells this but drops the reference to Eglon’s weight and the crude humor to avoid demeaning a foreign ruler.

Passages

Judges 3:20

Hebrew Bible
19 But he went back once he reached the carved images at Gilgal. He said to Eglon, “I have a secret message for you, O king.” Eglon said, “Be quiet!” All his attendants left. 20 When Ehud approached him, he was sitting in his well-ventilated upper room all by himself. Ehud said, “I have a message from God for you.” When Eglon rose up from his seat, 21 Ehud reached with his left hand, pulled the sword from his right thigh, and drove it into Eglon’s belly.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges
2 There was a young man of the tribe of Benjamin named Ehud, the son of Gera, a man of great courage and physical strength, though he was best at using his left hand, where his full power lay. He lived at Jericho, became friendly with Eglon by frequently presenting him with gifts, and earned favor among the king’s courtiers. One day, while presenting gifts, Ehud secretly strapped a dagger on his right thigh. It was midday in summer, and Eglon was resting in a cool chamber after his meal, with his attendants off guard, the heat having lulled them to dine. Alone with the king, Ehud said he had a message from God. Eglon rose excitedly from his throne to hear it, and Ehud, fearing a miss might not be fatal, quickly struck him to the heart, leaving the dagger buried in the wound. Then he slipped out and shut the doors behind him. Eglon’s servants assumed the king had lain down to rest and left him undisturbed until evening, when at last they feared something was amiss, entered, and found him dead. Before they could rally the guards, Ehud had warned the people of Jericho to rise and reclaim their freedom.

References

... Josephus is eager not to cast aspersions on non-Jews, especially their leaders. Hence, instead of blaming Eglon for subjugating the Israelites he places the onus upon the Israelites themselves for their anarchy and for their failure to obey the laws, another common theme in Josephus. For the same reason he also omits such disparaging elements as Eglon's obesity and his defecating. Josephus clarifies a number of obscurities in the biblical text. Thus he makes it clear that the Israelites were previously unaware of Ehud's plan to assassinate Eglon. ...
Louis H. Feldman, “Josephus' Portrait of Ehud,” in Josephus' Portrait of Ehud, ed. John C. Reeves and John Kampen (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 1994), 201.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Judges 3:20 and Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 5.4.2

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