Go to Related Reading
About this book

Jonathan Micah

Targum Jonathan to the Prophets

About this book

The Prophet’s Lament

Chapter 7

1 The prophet said, “How miserable I am! I have become like one of the good people taken away, when the faithful vanished from the land, like the last summer fruit, like gleanings after the grape harvest.⁠ No one does good deeds. I long for the good.” 2 The faithful have vanished from the land. No upright person remains among human beings. They all lie in ambush to shed innocent blood. Each hands his brother over to destruction.

3 They use their hands for evil, not for good. The ruler makes demands. The judge says, “Do something for me, and I’ll repay you.” The great man speaks his heart’s desire. How terrible for them, for they have corrupted it!

4 It is hard for the good among them to escape his power, as from a thornbush, and for the upright as from a thorny hedge. The day when you hoped for good is a day of disaster. The time of punishment for your deeds has arrived. Now their confusion will come.

5 Do not rely on a friend or trust a companion. Guard what you say even from the wife of your covenant. 6 For⁠ at that time a son will dishonor his father, a daughter will quarrel with her mother, and a daughter-in-law will despise her mother-in-law. A man’s enemies will be the members of his own household.

Hope for Deliverance

7 But I will⁠ find joy in the Lord’s Memra, delight in the God who brings about my salvation. My God will accept my prayer.

8 Rome,⁠ my enemy, do not celebrate over me! Though I have fallen, I will rise. Though I have lived as if in darkness, the Lord will shine on me.

9 Jerusalem said, “I have accepted a curse from the Lord because I sinned before Him. I will bear it until He judges my case and avenges my humiliation. He will bring me out into the light, and I will see His justice.

10 “Rome, my enemy, will see, and shame will cover her. She said to me, ‘Where were you saved by the Memra of the Lord your God?’ My eyes will see her downfall. She will be trampled like mud in the streets.

11 “At that time Israel’s congregations will be rebuilt, and⁠ the nations’ decrees will be abolished. 12 At that time the exiles will gather from Assyria and the fortified cities, from⁠ Greater Armenia and the besieged towns, as far as the Euphrates, the Western Sea, and the mountain ranges. 13 The land will become desolate because of its inhabitants, as the result of their deeds.”

Prayer for the People

14 Sustain Your people through Your Memra. The people of Your inheritance will live apart in⁠ the world that will be renewed. Those desolate in the forest will settle in Carmel. They will be sustained in Bashan’s land and Gilead, as in ancient days.

15 As when they left the land of Egypt, I will show them wonders.

16 The nations will see and be ashamed of all their strength. They will put their hands over their mouths, and their ears will be deafened.

17 They will fall face down on the ground, like snakes crawling in the dust. They will tremble as they leave their fortresses. They will be destroyed before the Lord our God, and will be afraid before You.

God’s Forgiveness

18 There is⁠ none besides You! You are the God who forgives wrongdoing and passes over the offenses of the survivors of His inheritance. He does not keep His anger forever, because He delights in doing good.

19 His Memra will again have mercy on us. In His love He will trample our offenses and throw all Israel’s sins into the depths of the sea.

20 You will fulfill Your faithfulness to Jacob for his children, as You swore to him at Bethel, and Your kindness to Abraham for his descendants, as You swore to him between the pieces.⁠ Remember for us the binding of Isaac, bound on the altar before You. Do kind deeds for us, as You swore to our ancestors in ancient days.

Texts in conversation

Compare Micah 7:8 and Jonathan Micah 7:8

Hebrew Bible · Targum

Share:

Summary

In the Hebrew version of Micah, an unnamed enemy mocks the speaker. In the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan, the enemy is Rome, interpreting the promise of recovery in the setting of Roman domination.

Passages

Micah 7:8

Hebrew Bible
8 My enemies, do not gloat over me! Though I have fallen, I will get up. Though I sit in darkness, the Lord will be my light.9 I must endure the Lord’s fury, for I have sinned against him. But then he will defend my cause and accomplish justice on my behalf. He will lead me out into the light; I will witness his deliverance.10 When my enemies see this, they will be covered with shame. They say to me, “Where is the Lord your God?” I will gloat over them; then they will be trampled down like mud in the streets.11 It will be a day for rebuilding your walls; in that day your boundary will be extended.
740–401 BCE Read in Micah

Jonathan Micah 7:8

Targum · Targum Jonathan to the Prophets
8 Rome, my enemy, do not celebrate over me! Though I have fallen, I will rise. Though I have lived as if in darkness, the Lord will shine on me.9 Jerusalem said, “I have accepted a curse from the Lord because I sinned before Him. I will bear it until He judges my case and avenges my humiliation. He will bring me out into the light, and I will see His justice.10 “Rome, my enemy, will see, and shame will cover her. She said to me, ‘Where were you saved by the Memra of the Lord your God?’ My eyes will see her downfall. She will be trampled like mud in the streets.11 “At that time Israel’s congregations will be rebuilt, and the nations’ decrees will be abolished.

References

“... The other interpretation, namely that Lady Jerusalem is the re- penting speaker, is attested only later on. The Targum and several Jewish exegetes found a compromise by making Micah the speak- ing ‘I’ of vv. 1-8, but opting for Lady Zion/Jerusalem in vv. 9- 13. Because the Targum identifies the female enemy with Rome in Micah 7:8, 10, it is almost certain that its interpretation at this point is younger than 70 ce.16 ...”
Johannes C. de Moor, Historical Commentary on the Old Testament: Micah (Leuven: Peeters, 2020), 324.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Last updated

Micah 7:8 and Jonathan Micah 7:8

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library