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Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 57

1 The righteous die, and no one lays my fear to heart; and the men who show mercy are taken away, and they do not consider that the righteous are taken away on account of the evil that is to come. 2 They will enter into peace; they will rest in the place of their beds, those who keep His Torah. 3 But you, come near here, people of a generation whose works are evil, whose planting was of a holy planting, but who are adulterers and the sexually immoral. 4 At whom do you make your sport? At whom do you open your mouth and keep speaking great things? Are you not rebellious children, a lying seed? 5 you who worship idols beneath every green tree, who sacrifice the children in the valleys under the clefts of the rocks? 6 Among the smooth stones of the valley is your portion; yes, they are your lot; even to them you have poured out drink-offerings, you have offered sacrifices. Ah, for these things my Memra will bring retribution. 7 Upon a lofty and high mountain you have set the place of the house of your dwelling; even there you went up to offer sacrifice. 8 Behind the doors and the doorposts you have set up the memorial of your idols; you have been like a woman who is loved by her husband but goes astray after strangers; you have enlarged your bed, you have made a covenant with some of them; you loved the place, the place of their beds, the place you have chosen. 9 When you kept the Torah, you prospered in the kingdom; and when you multiplied good works for yourself, your camp was enlarged, and you sent your messengers to a distant land; and you brought down mighty nations to hades. 10 You wearied yourself in the greatness of your way, yet you did not think to give back the many treasures you had multiplied; therefore you did not think to repent. 11 Of whom have you been afraid? And on account of whom have you feared? For you have surely multiplied speaking lies, and you have not remembered my service, nor laid my fear to your heart. I would have given you the ends of the world if you had returned to my Torah; but you have not returned to me. 12 I have shown you those good works that would have been your righteousness; but you have multiplied evil works that did not profit you. 13 Proclaim aloud whether your deceitful works will save you, in which you have been occupied from your youth; the wind will carry them all away, they will be as nothing; but he who puts his trust in my Memra will possess the earth and inherit my holy mountain. 14 And He will say, “Teach and admonish, turn the heart of this people to the right way; remove the stumbling-block of the wicked out of the way of the congregation of my people.” 15 For thus says the high and lofty One who dwells in the heavens, and whose name is Holy, who inhabits the height; yes, His holy Shekinah has promised to save the contrite of heart and the humble of spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble and to support the heart of the contrite. 16 “For I will not take the vengeance of judgment forever, neither will my wrath be eternal; for I will revive the spirits of the dead, and the souls I have created. 17 My wrath was upon them on account of their robbed riches, and I struck them; I removed my Shekinah from them and cast them out; I scattered their captives, because they went astray after the imagination of their hearts. 18 The way of their repentance is revealed before me, and I will forgive them, and I will have compassion on them, and grant consolations to them and to those who mourn with them.”⁠ 19 The prophet said, “He who creates the speech on the lips of every man, peace will be made for the righteous who have kept my Torah of old, and peace will be made for the penitent who return to my Torah. It is at hand that I will pardon them, says the LORD.” 20 But the wicked are like the troubled sea that seeks to rest but cannot, and its waters bring forth mire and dirt. 21 There is no peace, says my God, for the wicked.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 57:18 and Jonathan Isaiah 57:18

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Isaiah 57 presents divine healing as a future act following the people's disobedience, while the Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan changes this so repentance is a necessary requirement before that divine healing will happen.

Passages

Isaiah 57:18

Hebrew Bible
16 For I will not be hostile forever or perpetually angry, for then man’s spirit would grow faint before me, the life-giving breath I created. 17 I was angry because of their sinful greed; I attacked them and angrily rejected them, yet they remained disobedient and stubborn. 18 I have seen their behavior, but I will heal them. I will lead them, and I will provide comfort to them and those who mourn with them. 19 I am the one who gives them reason to celebrate. Complete prosperity is available both to those who are far away and those who are nearby,” says the Lord, “and I will heal them. 20 But the wicked are like a surging sea that is unable to be quiet; its waves toss up mud and sand.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jonathan Isaiah 57:18

Targum
16 “For I will not take the vengeance of judgment forever, neither will my wrath be eternal; for I will revive the spirits of the dead, and the souls I have created. 17 My wrath was upon them on account of their robbed riches, and I struck them; I removed my Shekinah from them and cast them out; I scattered their captives, because they went astray after the imagination of their hearts. 18 The way of their repentance is revealed before me, and I will forgive them, and I will have compassion on them, and grant consolations to them and to those who mourn with them.” 19 The prophet said, “He who creates the speech on the lips of every man, peace will be made for the righteous who have kept my Torah of old, and peace will be made for the penitent who return to my Torah. It is at hand that I will pardon them, says the LORD.” 20 But the wicked are like the troubled sea that seeks to rest but cannot, and its waters bring forth mire and dirt.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... Another instance of the same phenomenon is provided by the meturgeman's language of "repentance". As we have seen, repentance in the Targum is pre-eminently what the meturgeman demands from his audience. In the face of national calamity, it represents the only divinely sanctioned way forward, and Israel's failure in respect of repentance to the law is the very reason for that calamity. At times, another level of meaning is exploited within this theology (57:18a) ... As in the case of the usage of "Messiah", we appear to be confronting a tendency to transmute hope into actuality. As examples of this sort mount up, that distinctive tendency seems all the more important for an understanding of the Targum ..."
Bruce D. Chilton, The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes, ArBib 11 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1987), xviii.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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