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Jonathan Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 42

1 Here is my servant, the Messiah,⁠ whom I bring near, my chosen in whom one delights; by my Memra I will put my Holy Spirit upon Him, and He will reveal my judgment to the nations. 2 He will not cry aloud, nor raise a clamor, and He will not lift up His voice in the street. 3 The meek, who are like a bruised reed, He will not break; and the poor, who are like a glimmering wick, He will not quench; He will bring forth judgment to truth. 4 He will not faint nor be weary, until He has established judgment in the earth; and the isles will wait for His Torah. 5 Thus says the God of eternity, who created the heavens and suspended them, who founded the earth and gave breath to its inhabitants, even to the people on it, and spirit to those who walk in it. 6 “I, the LORD, I will make You grow in truth, and will hold Your hand, and I will direct You, and give You for a covenant of the people, for a light of the nations, 7 to open the eyes of the house of Israel, who are blind to the Torah, to bring back their captivity from among the nations, where they are like prisoners, and to redeem them from the servitude of the kingdoms, being shut up like those who are bound in darkness. 8 I am the LORD; that is my name; and my glory, in which I am revealed to you, I will not give to another people, nor my praise to the worshippers of images. 9 The former things have come to pass, and new things I declare; I tell you of them before they come to pass.” 10 Sing to the LORD a new song, proclaim His praise from the ends of the earth, you who go down to the sea and its fullness, the isles and their inhabitants. 11 Let the wilderness praise Him, and the cities that are in it, the villages that inhabit the wilderness of the Arabians; let the dead praise Him when they go forth from their long homes; from the tops of the mountains let them lift up their voice. 12 Let them ascribe glory to the LORD and declare His praise in the islands. 13 The LORD will be seen to do mighty things; He will reveal Himself in anger to do a mighty work by the word of His wrath; He will reveal Himself to His enemies by His might in an earthquake. 14 I have given them a long reprieve, if only they would return to my Torah; but they did not return. My judgment will be revealed upon them like the pains of a woman in labor; they will be destroyed and come to an end together. 15 I will lay waste mountains and hills and dry up all their herbs; I will make the rivers into islands, and I will dry up the pools. 16 And I will lead the house of Israel, who are like the blind, in a way they did not know; in paths they have not learned I will lead them; I will make darkness light before them, and the rugged place a plain. These things I will do for them, and I will not forsake them. 17 They will be turned back, they will be ashamed, those who worship images, who say to the molten images, “You are our gods.” 18 You wicked, who are like the deaf, have you no ears? Hear! And you sinners, who are like the blind, have you no eyes? 19 Is it not so? If the wicked and the sinners to whom I have sent my prophets will repent, they will be called my servants; but the wicked will be paid with vengeance for their sins; yet if they will repent, they will be called the servants of the LORD. 20 You see many things, but you do not observe; your ears are opened, but you do not receive instruction. 21 The LORD delights in justifying Israel; He will magnify those who obey His Torah, and He will strengthen them. 22 But this is a people robbed and plundered; all their young men are covered with shame and shut up in prison-houses; they have become a prey, and there is no one who delivers; a spoil, and no one says, “Restore.” 23 Who is there among you that will listen to this? Who will pay attention and consider for the time to come? 24 Who gave Jacob over for a spoil, and Israel to the robbers? Was it not the LORD? Because they have sinned against Him, and they would not walk in His righteous paths before Him, nor would they receive the instruction of His Torah. 25 Therefore He poured upon them the fury of His anger and brought upon them the strength of His warriors, and slew them all around, and they did not know it; and they ruled over them, and they did not take His fear to heart.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 42:1 and Matthew 12:18 and Jonathan Isaiah 42:1

Hebrew Bible · New Testament · Targum

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Summary

In Matthew, the language of Isaiah 42 is applied to Jesus, similar to an Aramaic tradition found in the Targum of Isaiah where the servant is interpreted as a Messianic figure.

Passages

Isaiah 42:1

Hebrew Bible
1 “Here is my servant whom I support, my chosen one in whom I take pleasure. I have placed my Spirit on him; he will make just decrees for the nations. 2 He will not cry out or shout; he will not publicize himself in the streets. 3 A crushed reed he will not break, a dim wick he will not extinguish; he will faithfully make just decrees.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Matthew 12:18

New Testament
17 This fulfilled what was spoken by the prophet Isaiah: 18 “Here is my servant whom I have chosen, the one I love, in whom I take great delight. I will put my Spirit on him, and he will proclaim justice to the nations. 19 He will not quarrel or cry out, nor will anyone hear his voice in the streets. 20 He will not break a bruised reed or extinguish a smoldering wick, until he brings justice to victory. 21 And in his name the Gentiles will hope.”
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

Jonathan Isaiah 42:1

Targum
1 Here is my servant, the Messiah, whom I bring near, my chosen in whom one delights; by my Memra I will put my Holy Spirit upon Him, and He will reveal my judgment to the nations. 2 He will not cry aloud, nor raise a clamor, and He will not lift up His voice in the street. 3 The meek, who are like a bruised reed, He will not break; and the poor, who are like a glimmering wick, He will not quench; He will bring forth judgment to truth.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

“... The quotation from Isaiah 42:1-4 in this passage especially looks forward to the conflict in the following narrative: whereas his opponents misinterpret his identity, his empowerment by the Spirit demonstrates that he is the chosen one of Isaiah's prophecy (12:18, 28). Matthew quotes more of the passage than the "Spirit-endowed" or "chosen servant" part, however, to emphasize the lowly character of Jesus' first coming (21:5) and especially the final line, which reinforces Matthew's theme of the Gentile mission (2:1-12; 4:15; 24:24; 28:19): Gentiles will hope in Jesus (12:21; cf. 12:18). In this passage Matthew reads Jesus as Isaiah's "servant of Yahweh." Although Targum Jonathan (fifth century A.D., including earlier material) calls the servant "Messiah" in Isaiah 42:1; 43:10; and 52:13, though applying the suffering sections to Israel (F. F. Bruce 1963: 143n.l; Moore 1971: 2:327; Lourenco 1990; cf. Edgar 1958: 50 for other late references), Judaism in Jesus' day rarely applied the servant passages to the Messiah. After all, in context Isaiah 42:1-4 refers to Israel (44:1, 21; 49:3). But it is not hard to see how Matthew interprets Isaiah 42; despite the skepticism of some of his modern critics, Matthew read the larger context. God's servant Israel failed in its mission (42:18-19), so God chose one person within Israel to restore the rest of his people (49:5-7); this one would bear the punishment (cf. 40:2) rightly due his people (52:13-53:12). ...”
Craig S. Keener, A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999), 492.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 42:1 and Matthew 12:18 and Jonathan Isaiah 42:1

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