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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 42

1 “Here is my servant whom I support,⁠ my chosen one in whom I take pleasure.⁠ I have placed my Spirit on him; he will make just decrees for the nations.⁠ 2 He will not cry out or shout; he will not publicize himself in the streets. 3 A crushed reed he will not break, a dim wick he will not extinguish; he will faithfully make just decrees. 4 He will not grow dim or be crushed before establishing justice on the earth; the coastlands will wait in anticipation for his decrees.”⁠ 5 This is what the true God, the Lord, says—the one who created the sky and stretched it out, the one who fashioned the earth and everything that lives on it, the one who gives breath to the people on it, and life to those who live on it:⁠ 6 “I, the Lord, officially commission you; I take hold of your hand. I protect you and make you a covenant mediator⁠ for people and a light to the nations,⁠ 7 to open blind eyes, to release prisoners from dungeons, those who live in darkness from prisons.⁠ 8 “I am the Lord! That is my name! I will not share my glory with anyone else or the praise due me with idols.⁠ 9 Look, my earlier predictive oracles have come to pass; now I announce new events. Before they begin to occur, I reveal them to you.” 10 Sing to the Lord a brand new song!⁠ Praise him from the horizon of the earth,⁠ you who go down to the sea and everything that lives in it, your coastlands and those who live there. 11 Let the wilderness and its cities shout out, the towns where the nomads of Kedar live. Let the residents of Sela shout joyfully; let them shout loudly from the mountaintops. 12 Let them give the Lord the honor he deserves; let them praise his deeds in the coastlands. 13 The Lord emerges like a hero, like a man of war27 he inspires himself for battle;⁠ he shouts, yes, he yells, he shows his enemies his power.⁠ 14 “I have been inactive for a long time; I kept quiet and held back. Like a woman in labor I groan; I pant and gasp. 15 I will make the trees on the mountains and hills wither up; I will dry up all their vegetation. I will turn streams into islands and dry up pools of water.⁠ 16 I will lead the blind along an unfamiliar way; I will guide them down paths they have never traveled. I will turn the darkness in front of them into light and level out the rough ground. This is what I will do for them. I will not abandon them. 17 Those who trust in idols will turn back and be utterly humiliated, those who say to metal images, ‘You are our gods.’ 18 “Listen, you deaf ones! Take notice, you blind ones! 19 My servant is truly blind, my messenger is truly deaf. My covenant partner, the servant of the Lord, is truly blind. 20 You see many things, but don’t comprehend; their ears are open, but do not hear.” 21 The Lord wanted to exhibit his justice by magnifying his law and displaying it. 22 But these people are looted and plundered; all of them are trapped in pits and held captive in prisons. They were carried away as loot with no one to rescue them; they were carried away as plunder, and no one says, “Bring that back!” 23 Who among you will pay attention to this? Who will listen attentively in the future? 24 Who handed Jacob over to the robber? Who handed Israel over to the looters? Was it not the Lord, against whom we sinned? They refused to follow his commands; they disobeyed his law. 25 So he poured out his fierce anger on them, along with the devastation of war. Its flames encircled them, but they did not realize it; it burned against them, but they did not take it to heart.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 42:1 and Matthew 12:18 and Jonathan Isaiah 42:1

Hebrew Bible · New Testament · Targum

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Summary

In Matthew, the language of Isaiah 42 is applied to Jesus, similar to an Aramaic tradition found in the Targum of Isaiah where the servant is interpreted as a Messianic figure.

Passages

Isaiah 42:1

Hebrew Bible
1 “Here is my servant whom I support, my chosen one in whom I take pleasure. I have placed my Spirit on him; he will make just decrees for the nations. 2 He will not cry out or shout; he will not publicize himself in the streets. 3 A crushed reed he will not break, a dim wick he will not extinguish; he will faithfully make just decrees.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Matthew 12:18

New Testament
17 This fulfilled what was spoken by the prophet Isaiah: 18 “Here is my servant whom I have chosen, the one I love, in whom I take great delight. I will put my Spirit on him, and he will proclaim justice to the nations. 19 He will not quarrel or cry out, nor will anyone hear his voice in the streets. 20 He will not break a bruised reed or extinguish a smoldering wick, until he brings justice to victory. 21 And in his name the Gentiles will hope.”
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

Jonathan Isaiah 42:1

Targum
1 Here is my servant, the Messiah, whom I bring near, my chosen in whom one delights; by my Memra I will put my Holy Spirit upon Him, and He will reveal my judgment to the nations. 2 He will not cry aloud, nor raise a clamor, and He will not lift up His voice in the street. 3 The meek, who are like a bruised reed, He will not break; and the poor, who are like a glimmering wick, He will not quench; He will bring forth judgment to truth.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

“... The quotation from Isaiah 42:1-4 in this passage especially looks forward to the conflict in the following narrative: whereas his opponents misinterpret his identity, his empowerment by the Spirit demonstrates that he is the chosen one of Isaiah's prophecy (12:18, 28). Matthew quotes more of the passage than the "Spirit-endowed" or "chosen servant" part, however, to emphasize the lowly character of Jesus' first coming (21:5) and especially the final line, which reinforces Matthew's theme of the Gentile mission (2:1-12; 4:15; 24:24; 28:19): Gentiles will hope in Jesus (12:21; cf. 12:18). In this passage Matthew reads Jesus as Isaiah's "servant of Yahweh." Although Targum Jonathan (fifth century A.D., including earlier material) calls the servant "Messiah" in Isaiah 42:1; 43:10; and 52:13, though applying the suffering sections to Israel (F. F. Bruce 1963: 143n.l; Moore 1971: 2:327; Lourenco 1990; cf. Edgar 1958: 50 for other late references), Judaism in Jesus' day rarely applied the servant passages to the Messiah. After all, in context Isaiah 42:1-4 refers to Israel (44:1, 21; 49:3). But it is not hard to see how Matthew interprets Isaiah 42; despite the skepticism of some of his modern critics, Matthew read the larger context. God's servant Israel failed in its mission (42:18-19), so God chose one person within Israel to restore the rest of his people (49:5-7); this one would bear the punishment (cf. 40:2) rightly due his people (52:13-53:12). ...”
Craig S. Keener, A Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999), 492.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 42:1 and Matthew 12:18 and Jonathan Isaiah 42:1

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