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Jonathan Amos

About this book
Chapter 9

1 The prophet said, “I saw the glory of the Lord;⁠ it ascended by the cherub and rested on the altar, and he said, ‘If my people Israel will not return to the law, extinguish the lamp; king Josiah shall be slain, the temple shall be laid waste, and the temple courts shall be destroyed; and the vessels of the Sanctuary shall be taken into captivity. The last of them I will kill with the sword; not one of them shall escape, and not one of them shall survive. 2 If they should think to hide as though in Sheol, from there they shall be taken by my Memra; and if they climb high buildings to heaven, from there they shall be brought down by my Memra. 3 If they should think to hide on top of city towers, there I will command searchers, and they will search them out; and if they hide from my Memra among the islands of the sea, there I will command nations who are strong like the serpent to slay them. 4 And if they go into captivity before their enemies, there I will command those who kill with the sword to slay them. I will set my Memra against them for evil and not for good.’” 5 It is the Lord God of hosts who rebukes the land and it trembles; all who dwell in it will be desolated. And a king shall come up against it with his army, which is great like the waters of a river, and he shall cover it all and it shall sink like the river of Egypt. 6 It is he who made the Shekinah of his glory dwell in the lofty stronghold and established his congregation on the earth; who commanded to assemble armies as numerous as the waters of the sea and scatters them upon the face of the earth; the Lord is his name. 7 “Children of Israel, are you not regarded as beloved children before me?” says the Lord. “Did I not bring Israel up from the land of Egypt, the Philistines from Cappadocia, and the Arameans from Cyrene? 8 Behold, the works of the sinful kingdom have been revealed before the Lord God, and I will destroy it off the face of the earth! But I will not completely destroy the house of Jacob,” says the Lord. 9 “For, behold, I will give the order and I will scatter the house of Israel among all the nations, as one shakes with a sieve, and not a stone from it falls through the meshes to the ground. 10 All the sinners of my people shall be killed with the sword, who say, ‘Evil shall neither hasten nor come upon us.’ 11 At that time, I will set up again the kingdom of the house of David that has fallen; I will rebuild their cities and set up their congregations anew. It shall rule over all the kingdoms and it shall destroy and make an end of the greatness of armies; but it shall be rebuilt and reestablished as in the days of old, 12 so that the house of Israel, who are called by my name, may possess the remnant of Edom and all the nations, says the Lord. Behold, this is what I will do. 13 Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when the ploughman shall meet the reaper, and the presser of grapes him who puts out the seed; and the mountains shall produce sweet wine, and all the hills shall be tilled. 14 I will bring back the exiles of my people Israel. They shall rebuild ruined cities and inhabit them; they shall plant vineyards and drink their wine; they shall till gardens and eat their fruit. 15 And I will establish them upon their land, nevermore to be exiled from their land which I have given them,” says the Lord your God.

Texts in conversation

Compare Amos 9:1 and Jonathan Amos 9:1

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In Amos 9, God commands destruction from the altar, declaring that nobody will escape judgment. In the Aramaic Targum of Amos, this is dramatically changed into a long speech, changing God’s words to include a lament over King Josiah’s death.

Passages

Amos 9:1

Hebrew Bible
1 I saw the Lord standing by the altar and he said, “Strike the tops of the support pillars, so the thresholds shake! Knock them down on the heads of all the people, and I will kill the survivors with the sword. No one will be able to run away; no one will be able to escape. 2 Even if they could dig down into the netherworld, my hand would pull them up from there. Even if they could climb up to heaven, I would drag them down from there. 3 Even if they were to hide on the top of Mount Carmel, I would hunt them down and take them from there. Even if they tried to hide from me at the bottom of the sea, from there I would command the Sea Serpent to bite them.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Amos

Jonathan Amos 9:1

Targum
1 The prophet said, “I saw the glory of the Lord; it ascended by the cherub and rested on the altar, and he said, ‘If my people Israel will not return to the law, extinguish the lamp; king Josiah shall be slain, the temple shall be laid waste, and the temple courts shall be destroyed; and the vessels of the Sanctuary shall be taken into captivity. The last of them I will kill with the sword; not one of them shall escape, and not one of them shall survive. 2 If they should think to hide as though in Sheol, from there they shall be taken by my Memra; and if they climb high buildings to heaven, from there they shall be brought down by my Memra. 3 If they should think to hide on top of city towers, there I will command searchers, and they will search them out; and if they hide from my Memra among the islands of the sea, there I will command nations who are strong like the serpent to slay them.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Amos

References

"... That there was special mourning for Josiah following his untimely death is noted in 2 Chron. 35:24-25 and is a point taken up in Josephus and in the Babylonian Talmud. (Compare Josephus Antiquities 10:78, b. Moed Qatan 25b; Seder 'Olam 24 ... for references to Josiah's death see Targum Amos 9:1; Targum Lamentations 4:20; Leviticus Rabbah 33:3) The idea that there was special lamentation for Ahab, on the other hand, has no basis in Old Testament tradition, though the Talmudic report that thirty-six thousand soldiers marched at his funeral (b. Bava Kamma 17a) is perhaps headed in that direction ..."
Robert P. Gordon, Studies in the Targum to the Twelve Prophets, from Nahum to Malachi (Leiden: Brill, 1994), 55.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Amos 9:1 and Jonathan Amos 9:1

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