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Amos

About this book
Chapter 9

1 I saw the Lord standing by the altar and he said, “Strike the tops of the support pillars, so the thresholds shake! Knock them down on the heads of all the people, and I will kill the survivors with the sword. No one will be able to run away; no one will be able to escape.⁠ 2 Even if they could dig down into the netherworld, my hand would pull them up from there. Even if they could climb up to heaven, I would drag them down from there.⁠ 3 Even if they were to hide on the top of Mount Carmel, I would hunt them down and take them from there.⁠ Even if they tried to hide from me at the bottom of the sea, from there I would command the Sea Serpent to bite them. 4 Even when their enemies drive them into captivity, from there I will command the sword to kill them. I will not let them out of my sight; they will experience disaster, not prosperity.” 5 The Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies will do this. He touches the earth and it dissolves;⁠ all who live on it mourn. The whole earth rises like the Nile River and then grows calm like the Nile in Egypt. 6 He builds the upper rooms of his palace in heaven⁠ and sets its foundation supports on the earth. He summons the water of the sea and pours it out on the earth’s surface.⁠ The Lord is his name. 7 “You Israelites are just like the Ethiopians in my sight,” says the Lord. “Certainly I brought Israel up from the land of Egypt, but I also brought the Philistines from Caphtor and the Arameans from Kir.⁠ 8 Look, the Sovereign Lord is watching the sinful nation, and I will destroy it from the face of the earth. But I will not completely destroy the family of Jacob,” says the Lord. 9 “For look, I am giving a command, and I will shake the family of Israel together with all the nations. It will resemble a sieve being shaken, when not even a pebble falls to the ground. 10 All the sinners among my people will die by the sword—the ones who say, ‘Disaster will not come near, it will not confront us.’⁠ 11 “In that day I will rebuild the collapsing hut of David. I will seal its gaps, repair its ruins, and restore it to what it was like in days gone by.⁠ 12 As a result they will conquer those left in Edom and all the nations subject to my rule.”⁠ The Lord, who is about to do this, is speaking.⁠ 13 “Be sure of this, the time is coming,” says the Lord, “when the plowman will catch up to the reaper, and the one who stomps the grapes will overtake the planter. Juice will run down the slopes; it will flow down all the hillsides.⁠ 14 I will bring back my people, Israel; they will rebuild the cities lying in rubble and settle down. They will plant vineyards and drink the wine they produce; they will grow orchards and eat the fruit they produce. 15 I will plant them on their land, and they will never again be uprooted from the land I have given them,” says the Lord your God.

Texts in conversation

Compare Amos 9:1 and Jonathan Amos 9:1

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In Amos 9, God commands destruction from the altar, declaring that nobody will escape judgment. In the Aramaic Targum of Amos, this is dramatically changed into a long speech, changing God’s words to include a lament over King Josiah’s death.

Passages

Amos 9:1

Hebrew Bible
1 I saw the Lord standing by the altar and he said, “Strike the tops of the support pillars, so the thresholds shake! Knock them down on the heads of all the people, and I will kill the survivors with the sword. No one will be able to run away; no one will be able to escape. 2 Even if they could dig down into the netherworld, my hand would pull them up from there. Even if they could climb up to heaven, I would drag them down from there. 3 Even if they were to hide on the top of Mount Carmel, I would hunt them down and take them from there. Even if they tried to hide from me at the bottom of the sea, from there I would command the Sea Serpent to bite them.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Amos

Jonathan Amos 9:1

Targum
1 The prophet said, “I saw the glory of the Lord; it ascended by the cherub and rested on the altar, and he said, ‘If my people Israel will not return to the law, extinguish the lamp; king Josiah shall be slain, the temple shall be laid waste, and the temple courts shall be destroyed; and the vessels of the Sanctuary shall be taken into captivity. The last of them I will kill with the sword; not one of them shall escape, and not one of them shall survive. 2 If they should think to hide as though in Sheol, from there they shall be taken by my Memra; and if they climb high buildings to heaven, from there they shall be brought down by my Memra. 3 If they should think to hide on top of city towers, there I will command searchers, and they will search them out; and if they hide from my Memra among the islands of the sea, there I will command nations who are strong like the serpent to slay them.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Amos

References

"... That there was special mourning for Josiah following his untimely death is noted in 2 Chron. 35:24-25 and is a point taken up in Josephus and in the Babylonian Talmud. (Compare Josephus Antiquities 10:78, b. Moed Qatan 25b; Seder 'Olam 24 ... for references to Josiah's death see Targum Amos 9:1; Targum Lamentations 4:20; Leviticus Rabbah 33:3) The idea that there was special lamentation for Ahab, on the other hand, has no basis in Old Testament tradition, though the Talmudic report that thirty-six thousand soldiers marched at his funeral (b. Bava Kamma 17a) is perhaps headed in that direction ..."
Robert P. Gordon, Studies in the Targum to the Twelve Prophets, from Nahum to Malachi (Leiden: Brill, 1994), 55.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Amos 9:1 and Jonathan Amos 9:1

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