Go to Related Reading
About this book

Jonathan 1 Kings

About this book
Chapter 18

22 And Elijah said to the people, I alone am left as a prophet before the Lord, but the prophets of Baal are four hundred and fifty men 23 Let two bulls be given to us, and let them choose one bull for themselves and cut it into pieces and lay it on the wood, but do not put fire to it And I will prepare the other bull and lay it on the wood, but I will not put fire to it 24 Then you call upon the name of your god, and do not respond, for he has no need But I will pray in the name of the Lord, and He will send His word and cause the fire to descend, for the Lord is God And all the people answered and said, The word is right 25 And Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, Choose for yourselves one bull and prepare it first, for you are many, and call upon the name of your idol, but do not put fire to it 26 So they took the bull that was given to them and prepared it, and they called upon the name of Baal from morning until noon, saying, O Baal, answer us But there was no voice and no one answered And they limped about the altar that they had made 27 And it came to pass at noon that Elijah mocked them and said, Cry aloud, for he is a god Perhaps he is meditating, or he has gone aside to relieve himself,⁠ or he is on a journey, or perhaps he is asleep and must be awakened 28 And they cried out with a loud voice and cut themselves after their manner with swords and spears until blood gushed out upon them

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Kings 18:27 and Jonathan 1 Kings 18:27

Hebrew Bible · Targum

Share:

Summary

In 1 Kings 18, Elijah sarcastically mocks the prophets of Baal, suggesting their god might be absent or asleep. The Aramaic translation in Targum Jonathan draws out one of the possible interpretations and says that the god may be using the bathroom.

Passages

1 Kings 18:27

Hebrew Bible
26 So they took a bull, as he had suggested, and prepared it. They invoked the name of Baal from morning until noon, saying, “Baal, answer us.” But there was no sound and no answer. They jumped around on the altar they had made. 27 At noon Elijah mocked them, “Yell louder! After all, he is a god; he may be deep in thought, or perhaps he stepped out for a moment or has taken a trip. Perhaps he is sleeping and needs to be awakened.” 28 So they yelled louder and, in accordance with their prescribed ritual, mutilated themselves with swords and spears until their bodies were covered with blood.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

Jonathan 1 Kings 18:27

Targum
26 So they took the bull that was given to them and prepared it, and they called upon the name of Baal from morning until noon, saying, O Baal, answer us But there was no voice and no one answered And they limped about the altar that they had made 27 And it came to pass at noon that Elijah mocked them and said, Cry aloud, for he is a god Perhaps he is meditating, or he has gone aside to relieve himself, or he is on a journey, or perhaps he is asleep and must be awakened 28 And they cried out with a loud voice and cut themselves after their manner with swords and spears until blood gushed out upon them
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan 1 Kings

References

"... The Kings targumist makes a number of changes in the translation to clarify the text, to enhance the honor of God, and to distinguish idols from the deity. The targumist adds memra (word or wisdom) in verses 24 and 37, Shekhinah in 36, and "before" in 1, 3, 12 (twice), 22, and other verses to remove anthropomorphisms. He inserts 'prophecy' in verse 1 to make perfectly clear what Elijah is experiencing and adds 'with' in the same verse to show that God was not dictating 'to' the prophet, but was having a conversation 'with' him. He changes words for clarity: 'cut off' in verse 4, for example, becomes 'killed'; 'put to death' in verse 9 is 'kill'; and 'standing' in verse 15 becomes 'serving.' Sometimes he adds words to make the meaning clearer, as in verse 3 'was appointed,' in verses 4 and 13 'with,' in 7 'going,' and in 20 'false.' When the prophet speaks of false gods, as in 25, he calls them idols. In verse 27, he inserts a disparaging description of the idols 'relieving' themselves. Three verses have significant alteration, being virtually rewritten: 21, 24. and 37 ..."
Israel Drazin and Stanley M. Wagner, Onkelos on the Torah, Exodus: Understanding the Bible Text (Jerusalem: Gefen, 2006), 302.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

1 Kings 18:27 and Jonathan 1 Kings 18:27

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library